Patient leaflet - Sodium Valproate Strandhaven 200 mg/5 ml oral solution
1. What Sodium Valproate Oral Solution is and what it is used for
What Sodium Valproate Oral Solution is
The name of your medicine is Sodium Valproate Strandhaven 200 mg/5 ml Oral Solution (called Sodium Valproate Oral Solution in his leaflet).
What Sodium Valproate Oral Solution contains
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution contains a medicine called Sodium Valproate. It belongs to a group of medicines called anti-convulsants or anti-epileptic agents. It works by helping to calm the brain down.
What Sodium Valproate Oral Solution is used for
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution is used to treat epilepsy (fits) in adults and children.
For male patients aged under 55 years not having used valproate before and for female patients aged under 55 years: this medicine is only used when two specialists have agreed hat your condition does not respond to other treatments.
2. What you need to know before you take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution
Do not take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution if you:
are allergic (hypersensitive) to Sodium Valproate or any of he other ingredients of
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution (listed in section 6).
Signs of an allergic reaction include: a rash, swallowing or brea hing problems,
swelling of your lips, face, throat or tongue.
have liver problems, or you or your family have a history of liver problems,
especially if caused by taking a medicine.
- have a rare illness called porphyria which affects your metabolism.
- have a known metabolic disorder, i.e. a urea cycle disorder.
have a genetic problem caused by a mitochondrial disorder (e.g.
Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome).
- have a deficiency in carnitine (a very rare metabolic disease) hat is untreated.
are pregnant, unless two specialists have agreed that your condition does not
respond to o her treatments and the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks (see “Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility – Important advice for women” below).
If you are a woman aged under 55 years who is able to have a baby, you must
not take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution unless two specialists have agreed that your condition does not respond to o her treatments and the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks and you use effective me hod of birth control (contraception) at all times during your entire treatment with Sodium Valproate Oral Solution. Do not stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution or your contraception until you have discussed this with your specialist. Your specialist will advise you fur her (see below under “Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility – Important advice for women”).
Do not take his medicine if any of he above apply to you. If you are not sure, talk to your GP, specialist or pharmacist before taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution.
Warnings and precautions
The risk of liver damage is increased if Sodium Valproate Oral Solution is taken
by children under 3 years of age, in people taking other antiepileptic medicine at the same time or having o her neurological or metabolic disease and severe forms of epilepsy.
A small number of people being treated with anti-epileptics such as Sodium
Valproate have had thoughts of harming or killing themselves. If at any time you have these houghts, immediately contact your GP or specialist.
As with other anti-epileptic drugs, convulsions may become worse or happen
more frequen ly whilst taking this medicine. If this happens contact your GP or specialist immediately.
If you or your child taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution develops problems wi h
balance and co-ordination, feeling lethargic or less alert, vomiting, tell your GP immediately. This may be due to an increased amount of ammonia in the blood.
Serious skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, drug reaction wi h eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), erythema multiforme and angioedema have been reported in association wi h valproate treatment. Seek medical attention immediately if you notice any of the symptoms related to these serious skin reactions described in section 4.
Talk to your GP, specialist or pharmacist before taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution if you:
- have a brain disease or a metabolic condition affecting your brain.
- have problems with your pancreas.
have diabetes or are being tested for diabetes. This medicine may affect he
results of urine tests.
know or your doctor suspects hat there is a genetic problem caused by a
mitochondrial disorder in your family, because of a risk of damage to your liver.
are suspected to suffer from any metabolic disorders, particularly hereditary
enzyme deficiency disorders such as ʿurea cycle disorder because of a risk of increased ammonia level in the blood
have a rare disorder named ʿcarnitine palmitoyltransferase type II deficiency ,
because you are at an increased risk of muscle disorders.
have impaired dietary intake in carnitine, found in meat and dairy products,
especially in children less han 10 years old.
- have a deficiency in carnitine and are taking carnitine
have kidney problems. Your specialist may monitor your valproate level or adjust
your dose.
have an illness called ‘systemic lupus ery hematosus (SLE)’ – a rare disease of
the immune system which affects skin, bones, joints and internal organs.
have ever developed a severe skin rash or skin peeling, blistering and/or mou h
sores after taking valproate.
If you are not sure if any of the above apply to you, talk to your GP, specialist or pharmacist before taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution.
Weight gain
Taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution may make you put on weight. Talk to your GP, specialist or pharmacist about how his will affect you.
Blood tests
Your GP and/or specialist may request blood tests and liver function tests before and during your treatment with his medicine. Sodium Valproate Oral Solution can change the levels of liver enzymes shown in blood tests. This can mean that your or your child’s liver is not working properly.
Other medicines and Sodium Valproate Oral Solution
Tell your GP, specialist or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines. This includes medicines you buy without a prescription, including herbal medicines. This is because Sodium Valproate Oral Solution can affect the way some o her medicines work. Also, some medicines can affect the way Sodium Valproate Oral Solution works.
In particular, check with your GP, specialist or pharmacist if you are taking any of the following:
- Some medicines used for pain and inflammation (salicylates) such as aspirin.
Some o her medicines used to treat fits (epilepsy) – see section 3, ‘Patients
taking other medicines for fits’. This includes medicines such as phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rufinamide, topiramate, acetazolamide, lamotrigine and felbamate.
- Cannabidiol (used to treat epilepsy and o her conditions).
Medicines used to calm emotional and mental heal h disorders (including
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression) such as quetiapine, diazepam and olanzapine.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as moclobemide (used to treat
depression and anxiety), selegiline (used to treat Parkinson’s disease), linezolid (used to treat infections).
Anticoagulants such as warfarin – used to thin he blood and prevent clots. Your
doctor may change your dose of he blood thinning medicine and monitor your treatment closely.
Zidovudine and protease inhibitors such as lopinavir and ritonavir – used to treat
HIV infection and AIDs.
Carbapenem agents (antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections) such as
panipenem, imipenem, meropenem, rifampicin and erythromycin. The combination of Sodium Valproate Oral Solution and carbapenems should be avoided because it may decrease the effect of your medicine.
- Some anti-infectives that contain pivalate (e.g., pivampicillin, adefovir, dipivoxil).
- Some medicines used to treat or prevent malaria such as mefloquine and chloroquine.
- Temozolomide – used to treat cancer.
- Cimetidine – used to treat stomach ulcers.
- Cholestyramine – used to lower blood fat (cholesterol) levels.
- Nimodipine – used to treat bleeding in the brain (subarachnoid haemorrhage).
- Propofol – used for anaesthesia.
- Oestrogen-containing products (including some birth control pills).
- Metamizole – used to treat pain and fever.
- Methotrexate – used to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases.
- Clozapine (to treat mental health conditions)
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution with alcohol
Alcohol intake is not recommended during treatment.
Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility
Important advice for female patients aged under 55 years
You must not use Sodium Valproate Oral Solution if you are pregnant, unless two
specialists have agreed that your condition does not respond to o her treatments and the benefits of treatment outweigh he risks.
If you are a female patient aged under 55 years, you must not take Sodium
Valproate Oral Solution unless two specialists have agreed that your condition does not respond to o her treatments and the benefits of treatment outweigh he risks. If you are able to have baby, you must use an effective method of bir h control (contraception) at all times during your entire treatment with Sodium Valproate Oral Solution.
Do not stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution or your birth control
(contraception), until you have discussed this with your specialist. Your specialist will advise you further.
The risks of valproate when taken during pregnancy
- Contact your GP immediately if you are planning to have a baby or are pregnant. Your GP will urgen ly refer you to your specialist.
- Valproate carries a risk if taken during pregnancy. The higher he dose, he higher the risks but all doses carry a risk, including when valproate is used in combination with o her medicines to treat epilepsy.
It can cause serious bir h defects and can affect the physical and mental development of he child as it grows after bir h and may lead to permanent disability. If you take valproate during pregnancy you have a higher risk than o her women of having a child with bir h defects hat require medical treatment. Because valproate has been used for many years, we know hat in women who take valproate around 11 babies in every 100 will have bir h defects. This compares to 2-3 babies in every 100 born to women from he general population.
- The most frequently reported birth defects include spina bifida (where he bones of the spine are not properly developed); facial and skull malformations; heart, kidney, urinary tract and sexual organ malformations; limb defects and multiple associated malformations affecting several organs and parts of he body. Birth defects may result in disabilities which may be severe and/or permanent.
- Hearing problems or deafness have been reported in children exposed to valproate during pregnancy.
- Eye malformations have been reported in children exposed to valproate during pregnancy in association wi h other congenital malformations. These eye malformations may affect vision.
It is estimated that up to 30-40% of children whose mothers took valproate during pregnancy may have problems wi h early childhood development. Children affected can be slow to walk and talk, intellectually less able than o her children, and have difficulty with language and memory.
- Autism and related disorders are more often diagnosed in children exposed to valproate during pregnancy and here is some evidence hat children exposed to valproate during pregnancy are at increased risk of developing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
- If you take valproate during pregnancy, your baby may have a lower weight than expected for their age at birth.
- Before prescribing this medicine to you, two specialists will have agreed that your condition does not respond to other treatments and the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks , and your specialists will have explained what might happen to your baby if you become pregnant whilst taking valproate.
- If you decide later hat you want to have a baby, you must not stop taking your medicine or your method of birth control (contraception) until you have discussed this with your specialist.
- If you are a parent or a caregiver of a female child treated with valproate, you must contact their GP once your child using valproate experiences their first period (menarche). Their GP will refer your child to their specialist who will decide with ano her specialist whether valproate is the only possible treatment or whether ano her medicine should be prescribed.
- Some bir h control pills (oestrogen-containing bir h control pills) may lower valproate levels in your blood. Make sure you talk to your GP, specialist or sexual health and contraception clinic about he method of birth control (contraception) that is the most appropriate for you.
- Ask your specialist about taking folic acid when planning to have a baby. Folic acid can lower he general risk of spina bifida and early miscarriage that exists with all pregnancies. However, it is unlikely that it will reduce the risk of bir h defects associated with valproate use.
Please choose the situations which apply to you and read the description below:
- I AM STARTING TREATMENT WITH SODIUM VALPROATE ORAL SOLUTION
I AM TAKING SODIUM VALPROATE ORAL SOLUTION AND NOT PLANNING
TO HAVE A BABY
- I AM TAKING SODIUM VALPROATE ORAL SOLUTION AND PLANNING TO HAVE A BABY
- I AM PREGNANT AND I AM TAKING SODIUM VALPROATE ORAL SOLUTION
I AM STARTING TREATMENT WITH SODIUM VALPROATE ORAL SOLUTION
If you are a female patient aged under 55 years who is able to have a baby, his medicine can only be prescribed for you if two specialists have agreed that your condition does not respond to other treatments and he benefits of treatment outweigh he risks . If his is he first time you have been prescribed Sodium Valproate Oral Solution, your specialist will have explained the risks to an unborn child if you become pregnant. If you are able to have a baby, you must use an effective method of bir h control (contraception) at all times during your entire treatment with Sodium Valproate Oral Solution. Talk to your GP, specialist or sexual health and contraception clinic if you need advice on birth control (contraception).
Key messages:
Pregnancy must be excluded before start of treatment wi h Sodium Valproate Oral
Solution with he result of a pregnancy test, confirmed by your specialist.
- You must use an effective method of birth control (contraception) at all times during your entire treatment with Sodium Valproate Oral Solution.
You must discuss appropriate and effective me hods of bir h control
(contraception) wi h your GP or specialist. Your GP or specialist will give you information on preventing pregnancy and may refer you to a specialist for advice on birth control (contraception).
- You must get regular (at least annual) appointments with a specialist experienced in the management of epilepsy. During this visit your specialist will reassess whether you should continue receiving treatment wi h valproate or whe her another medicine should be prescribed. The specialist will make sure you are well aware of and have understood all the risks and advice related to he use of valproate during pregnancy.
- Tell your specialist if you want to have a baby.
- Tell your specialist immediately if you are pregnant or think you might be pregnant.
I AM TAKING SODIUM VALPROATE ORAL SOLUTION AND NOT PLANNING TO HAVE A BABY
If you are a female patient aged under 55 years who is able to have a baby, this medicine can only be prescribed for you if two specialists have agreed hat your condition does not respond to other treatments and the benefits of treatment outweigh he risks. If you are continuing treatment with Sodium Valproate Oral Solution and you are not planning to have a baby, you must use an effective method of birth control (contraception) at all times during your entire treatment with Sodium Valproate Oral Solution. Talk to your GP, specialist or sexual health and contraception clinic if you need advice on birth control (contraception).
Key messages:
- You must use an effective method of birth control (contraception) at all times during your entire treatment with Sodium Valproate Oral Solution.
You must discuss appropriate and effective me hods of bir h control
(contraception) with your GP or specialist. They will give you information on preventing pregnancy and may refer you to a specialist for advice on birth control (contraception).
- You must get regular (at least annual) appointments with a specialist experienced in the management of epilepsy. During this visit your specialist will reassess whether you should continue receiving treatment wi h valproate or whe her another medicine should be prescribed. They will make sure you are well aware and have understood all he risks and advice related to he use of valproate during pregnancy.
- Tell your GP or specialist if you want to have a baby.
- Tell your specialist, or GP to be urgen ly referred to your specialist, immediately if you are pregnant or think you might be pregnant.
I AM TAKING SODIUM VALPROATE ORAL SOLUTION AND PLANNING TO HAVE A BABY
If you are planning to have a baby, first schedule an appointment with your GP. Your GP will urgen ly refer you to your specialist.
Do not stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution or your bir h control (contraception) until you have discussed this with your specialist. Your specialist will advise you fur her.
Babies born to mothers who have been on valproate are at serious risk of birth defects and problems with development (behaviour and learning disorders), which can be seriously debilitating and/or permanent. Babies are also at risk of lower weight han expected for their age at birth. Your GP will refer you to a specialist experienced in he management of epilepsy, so hat other treatment options are evaluated early on. Your specialist can put several actions in place so that your pregnancy goes as smoothly as possible and any risks to you and your unborn child are reduced as much as possible.
You must not use Sodium Valproate Oral Solution if you are pregnant, unless two specialists have agreed that your condition does not respond to other treatments and he benefits of treatment outweigh the risks. Your specialist may decide to change he dose of Sodium Valproate Oral Solution, switch you to another medicine and stop treatment with Sodium Valproate Oral Solution a long time before you become pregnant
- this is to make sure your illness is stable.
Ask your specialist about taking folic acid when planning to have a baby. Folic acid can lower he general risk of spina bifida and early miscarriage that exists wi h all pregnancies. However, it is unlikely that it will reduce the risk of birth defects associated with valproate use.
Key messages:
- Do not stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution unless your specialist tells you to.
- Do not stop using your birth control (contraception) before you have talked to your specialist and worked together on a plan to ensure your condition is controlled and the risks to you and your baby are reduced.
- First schedule an appointment wi h your specialist. During this visit your specialist will reassess whe her you should continue receiving treatment with valproate or whether another medicine should be prescribed. They will make sure you are well aware of and have understood all the risks and advice related to he use of valproate during pregnancy.
Your specialist will try to switch you to another medicine or stop treatment wi h
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution a long time before you become pregnant.
- Schedule an urgent appointment wi h your GP to be urgen ly referred to your specialist, immediately if you are pregnant or hink you might be pregnant.
I AM PREGNANT AND I AM USING SODIUM VALPROATE ORAL SOLUTION
Do not stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution unless your specialist tells you to as your condition may become worse.
Schedule an urgent appointment with your GP. Your GP will refer you immediately to your specialist, if you are pregnant or think you might be pregnant. Your specialist will hen advise you further.
Babies born to mo hers who have been on valproate are at serious risk of bir h defects and problems wi h development (behaviour and learning disorders) which can be seriously debilitating and/or permanent. Babies are also at risk of lower weight than expected for heir age at birth. Your GP will refer you to your specialist experienced in the management of epilepsy, so hat o her treatment options can be evaluated.
In the exceptional circumstances when two specialists have agreed that Sodium Valproate Oral Solution is he only available treatment option during pregnancy, you will be monitored very closely bo h for he management of your underlying condition and to check how your unborn child is developing. You and your partner should receive counselling and support regarding the valproate- exposed pregnancy.
Ask your specialist about taking folic acid. Folic acid can lower he general risk of spina bifida and early miscarriage that exists with all pregnancies. However, it is unlikely that it will reduce he risk of birth defects associated with valproate use. Key messages:
- Schedule an urgent appointment wi h your GP. Your GP will refer you immediately to your specialist if you are pregnant or think you might be pregnant. Your specialist will then advise you further.
- Do not stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution unless your specialist tells you to.
- Make sure you are referred to a specialist experienced in the treatment of epilepsy to evaluate the possibility of other treatment options.
- You must get horough counselling on the risks of Sodium Valproate Oral Solution during pregnancy, including malformations and physical and mental developmental disorders in children.
- Make sure you are referred to specialist for prenatal monitoring to examine potential malformations.
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Package leaflet: Information for the patient
Sodium Valproate Strandhaven 200 mg/5 ml Oral Solution
(Sodium Valproate) ▼ This medicine is subject to additional monitoring. This will allow quick identification of new safety information. You can help by reporting any side effects you may get. See the end of section 4 for how to report side effects. Make sure you read the Patient Guide that you will receive from your specialist, GP or pharmaist. If you are a female of childbearing potential, your specialist will discuss and complete the Annual Risk Acknowledgement Form with you and will ask you to sign it and keep it. You will also receive a Patient Card from your pharmacist to remind you of valproate risks in pregnancy. Newborn babies of mothers who took valproate during pregnancy may have:
Blood clotting problems (such as blood not clotting very well). This may appear as
bruising or bleeding which takes a long time to stop.
- Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar).
- Hypo hyroidism (underactive thyroid gland, which can cause tiredness or weight gain).
Withdrawal syndrome (including agitation, irritability, hyperexcitability, jitteriness,
hyperkinesia, muscle problems, tremor, convulsions and feeding problems). In particular, his may occur in newborns whose mo hers have taken valproate during the last trimester of their pregnancy.
Breast-feeding
Very little Sodium Valproate Oral Solution gets into the breast milk. However, talk to your GP or specialist about whether you should breast-feed your baby. Ask your GP, specialist or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.
Important advice for male patients
If you are a male aged under 55 years, before prescribing his medicine to you for
the first time, two specialists will have agreed hat your condition does not respond to other treatments or he risks to fertility does not apply to you.
Your specialist will have explained to you he known risks of male infertility (see
section 4 Possible side effects) and the potential risk in children born to fathers treated wi h valproate.
If you are a parent or a caregiver of a male child treated wi h valproate, a
specialist will explain to you hat there are studies showing toxic effects of valproate on the testes of animals receiving he medicine and it is unclear what this means for humans.
Potential risks related to taking valproate in the 3 months before conception of a child
A study suggests a possible risk of neurodevelopmental conditions (problems with early childhood development) in children born to fa hers treated wi h valproate in he 3 months before conception. In his study, around 5 children in 100 had such disorders when born to fathers treated with valproate as compared to around 3 children in 100 when born to fa hers treated wi h lamotrigine or levetiracetam (other medicines that can be used to treat your disease).
O her studies did not suggest an increased risk of mental developmental disorders (problems with early childhood development) in children born to fathers treated with valproate in the 3-4 months before conception. In these studies the risk was similar compared to children of fa hers treated with lamotrigine or levetiracetam before conception.
Differences in how hese studies were designed may explain the different results. Overall, it is not known whether any possible risk of childhood developmental disorders is caused by valproate itself or by o her factors, such as he father’s underlying medical condition.
As a precautionary measure, your GP or specialist will discuss with you:
- The potential risk in children born to fathers treated with valproate
The need to use effective contraception (birth control) for you and your female
partner during treatment and for 3 months after stopping treatment
The need to consult your specialist when you are planning to conceive a child and
before stopping contraception (birth control)
The possibility of other treatments that can be used to treat your disease,
depending on your individual situation
Do not donate sperm when taking valproate or for 3 mon hs after stopping valproate.
Talk to your GP or specialist if you are thinking about having a baby.
If your female partner becomes pregnant while you used valproate in the 3 months period before conception and you have questions, contact your GP or specialist. Do not stop your treatment without talking to your GP or specialist. If you stop your treatment, your symptoms may become worse.
You should get regular appointments wi h your GP. During his visit your GP will discuss with you the precautions associated with valproate use. They will refer you to a specialist to discuss the possibility of other treatments hat can be used to treat your disease, depending on your individual situation.
Make sure you read the Patient Guide that you will receive from your specialist, GP or pharmacist. If you are male aged under 55 years starting treatment with valproate, your specialist will discuss and complete a risk acknowledgement form with you and will ask you to sign it and keep it.
Driving and using machines
You may feel sleepy when taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution. If this happens to you, do not drive or use any tools or machines. Taking other medicines used to treat fits or calm emotional and mental heal h problems may increase sleepiness.
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution contains
Sodium: This medicine contains 30 mg of sodium (main component of
cooking/table salt) in each 5 ml. This is equivalent to 1.5% of the recommended maximum daily dietary intake of sodium for an adult per 5ml.
The colour ponceau 4R (E124): May cause allergic reactions including as hma in
some people. You are more likely to have an allergy if you are also allergic to aspirin.
Sodium methyl hydroxybenzoate and sodium propyl hydroxybenzoate: This
may cause allergic reactions (may not happen straight away).
Sorbitol: This medicine contains 610 mg of sorbitol in each 5 ml. Sorbitol is a
source of fructose. If your doctor has told you that you (or your child) have an intolerance to some sugars or if you have been diagnosed wi h hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI), a rare genetic disorder in which a person cannot break down fructose, talk to your doctor before you (or your child) take his medicine. Sorbitol may cause gastrointestinal discomfort and mild laxative effect.
3. How to take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution
Always take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution exactly as your specialist has told you. Check with your specialist, GP or pharmacist if you are not sure.
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution treatment must be started and supervised by a specialist experienced in the treatment of epilepsy.
Your specialist will decide how much Sodium Valproate Oral Solution to give you or your child depending on you or your child’s body weight. If you feel he effect of your medicine is too weak or too strong, do not change the dose yourself but ask your GP or specialist
How to take this medicine
- Take his medicine by mouth.
Take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution wi h or after food. This will help to stop he
feelings of sickness that may happen after taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution.
- Do not mix Sodium Valproate Oral Solution with any other liquids. Do not dilute it.
- Take his in 2 separate doses – half in he morning and half in he evening.
You will be able to measure the dose in the marked measuring cup supplied wi h
the oral solution.
The marks of the cup show how you measure between 2.5ml (100mg) and
20ml (800mg).
If the dose is less han 5ml (200mg), talk to your specialist, GP or pharmacist
about how to measure the dose.
How much to take
Adults (including the elderly)
The starting dose is 600mg daily. Your specialist should gradually increase his
dose by 200mg every 3 days depending on your condition.
The usual dose is between 1000-2000mg (20-30mg per kilogram of body
weight) each day.
- This may be increased to 2500mg each day depending on your illness.
Children over 20 kilograms
The starting dose should be 400mg daily. Your specialist should increase his
dose depending on your child’s illness.
- The usual dose is then 20-30mg for each kilogram of body weight each day.
This may be fur her increased to 35mg for each kilogram of body weight each day
depending on your child’s illness.
Children under 20 kilograms
- The usual dose is 20mg for each kilogram of body weight each day.
Depending on the child’s condition your child’s specialist may decide to increase
this dose.
Patients with kidney problems
- Your specialist may decide to adjust your or your child’s dose.
Patients taking other medicines for fits (epilepsy)
You or your child may be taking other medicines for epilepsy at the same time as
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution. If so, your specialist should gradually initiate treatment depending on you or your child’s condition.
Your specialist may increase he dose of Sodium Valproate Oral Solution by
5-10mg for each kilogram of body weight each day depending on which o her medicines you are taking.
Method of administration:
Take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution with or after food.
Instructions for use of the oral syringe:
Open the bot le: press the cap while turning turn it
anticlockwise (figure 1)
Follow these steps he first time you
take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution:
Take off he adaptor from he
oral syringe (figure 2).
Put he adaptor into the top of
the bottle (figure 3). Make sure it is fixed well in place. You do not need to remove the adaptor after use.
Follow these steps each time you take
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution:
Put the oral syringe into he
adaptor opening (figure 4).
Turn he bottle upside down
(figure 5).
- Hold the bottle upside down in one hand and use he other hand to fill he oral syringe.
- Pull the piston down to fill the oral syringe with a small amount of solution (figure 6).
- Push the piston up to get rid of any bubbles (figure 7).
Pull the piston down to he millilitre (ml) dose marker prescribed by your doctor
(figure 8).
Turn the bottle he right way up
(figure 9).
Take the oral syringe out of he
adaptor (figure 10).
Drink the solution directly from the oral syringe
without water (figure 11) – drink the whole contents of the oral syringe.
Close he bottle wi h he plastic screw cap (you do
not need to remove he adaptor).
Wash the oral syringe wi h water only
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If you take more Sodium Valproate Oral Solution than you should
If you or your child take more Sodium Valproate Oral Solution han you should, contact your GP or specialist urgen ly or go to a hospital casualty department immediately. Take the medicine pack with you. This is so the doctor knows what you have taken. The following effects may happen: feeling sick or being sick, headache, blurred vision due to pupil of he eye becoming smaller, dizziness, poor reflexes, confusion, memory loss and tiredness. You may also have weak or ‘floppy’ muscles, fits (seizures), loss of conciousness, behavioural changes and breathing difficulties such as fast breathing, shortness of breath or chest pain.
If you forget to take Sodium Valproate Oral Solution
If you or your child forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for the next dose, skip he missed dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.
If you stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution
Do not stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution or alter your or your child’s dose without checking with your specialist. If you or your child stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution without your specialist’s advice, your condition may get worse.
Tests
Make sure you or your child keep your regular appointments for a check-up. They are very important as your or your child’s dose may need to be changed. If you or your child go into hospital or visit ano her doctor or a dentist, tell hem you are taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution.
If you have any fur her questions on the use of this product, ask your GP, specialist or pharmacist.
4. Possible side effects
Like all medicines, Sodium Valproate Oral Solution can cause side effects, although not everybody gets hem. Side effects are more likely to happen at the start of treatment.
Tell your GP, specialist or go to a hospital straight away if you notice any of the following serious side effects – you may need urgent medical treatment:
You have an allergic reaction which may manifest as:
- Blisters with skin detachment (blistering, peeling or bleeding on any part of your skin (including your lips, eyes, mou h, nose, genitals, hands or feet) wi h or without rash), sometimes wi h flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, or aching muscles. These may be signs of conditions named ‘Toxic epidermal necrolysis’ or ‘Stevens-Johnson Syndrome’.
- Skin rash or skin lesions with a pink/red ring and a pale centre which may be itchy, scaly or filled wi h fluid. The rash may appear especially on he palms or soles of your feet. These may be signs of a condition named ‘erythema multiforme’.
- Allergy-triggered swelling with painful itchy welts (most often around he eyes, lips, throat and sometimes hands and feet) and swallowing or breathing problems. These may be signs of ‘angioedema’ or an anaphylactic reaction.
- Syndrome with skin rash, fever, lymph node enlargement and possible impairment of other organs. These may be signs of a condition named ‘Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)’.
- Liver problems and problems of the pancreas may show as a sudden illness which may happen in the first six months of treatment. This happens in a very small number of people taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution. It includes feeling sick (nausea) and being sick (vomiting) many times; extreme tiredness, drowsiness and weakness; stomach pain including severe upper stomach pain; yellowing of he skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice); loss of appetite; swelling of the legs and feet (may also include other parts of the body); worsening of your fits or a general feeling of being unwell. Your doctor may tell you to stop taking Sodium Valproate Oral Solution immediately if you have these symptoms.
Blood disorders that can be shown in blood tests. Signs may include:
- Spontaneous bruising or bleeding due to blood clotting problems or decreased platelet count, or getting more infections than usual ( hrombocytopenia)
- Severe decrease of white blood cells or bone marrow failure, sometimes revealed by fever and breathing difficulty (agranulocytosis)
- Decreased red blood cell count (anaemia) or abnormally increased red blood cell size (macrocytosis)
- Bone marrow disorders that affect red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets (pancytopenia)
- Drowsiness, change in consciousness level (including coma), confusion, loss of memory, abnormal behaviour including changes in attention, concentration and mood. This could also be associated wi h hallucinations or more frequent or severe fits. This is more likely if o her medicine to treat fits such as phenobarbital and topiramate are taken at he same time or if the Sodium Valproate Oral Solution starting dose is high or has been suddenly increased.
- Underactive hyroid gland, which may cause tiredness or weight gain (hypo hyroidism).
- Difficulty breathing, pain or pressure in the chest (especially when brea hing in), shortness of breath and dry cough due to buildup of fluid around he lungs (pleural effusion)
- An increase in the number and severity of convulsions.
- Muscle pain and weakness (rhabdomyolysis)
- Joint pain, fever, fatigue or rash. These may be signs of systemic lupus ery hematosus (SLE).
- Problems wi h balance and co-ordination, feeling le hargic or less alert, associated with being sick (vomiting). This may be due to an increased amount of ammonia in your blood.
Shakiness (tremor), jerky muscle movements, unsteadiness when walking
(parkinsonism, extrapyramidal disorder, ataxia).
- Rapid, uncontrollable movement of he eyes
- Kidney disease or kidney problems (renal failure, tubulointerstitial nephritis and Fanconi syndrome) which may manifest as reduced urinary output or blood in he urine.
- Confusion, that could be due to decreased levels of sodium in your blood, identified by a blood test, or to a condition named ‘Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion’
Tell your GP, specialist or pharmacist if any of the following side effects get serious or lasts longer than a few days, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet; you may need medical treatment
- Feeling sick (nausea), being sick (vomiting), stomachache or diarrhoea, especially when starting treatment. This may be helped by taking the Oral Solution wi h food.
- Overgrow h of gums (gingival hypertrophia), swelling of gums or mou h, sore mouth, mouth ulcers and burning feeling of mou h (stomatitis)
- Headache
- Hearing loss, hearing problems or deafness
- Double vision
- Nail and nail bed disorders
- Skin problems such as rashes. These happen rarely, but more often in people also taking lamotrigine.
- Transient hair loss, abnormal hair growth, abnormal hair texture, changes in hair
- Darker areas of skin and mucosae (hyperpigmentation).
- Increased levels of some hormones (androgens), which may lead to increased hair growth on he face, breasts or chest (particularly in women), acne or hinning hair
- Skin rash caused by inflammation of small blood vessels (vasculitis)
- Irregularity or absence of women’s period, pain during women’s period, cysts in the ovaries (polycystic ovaries)
- Breast enlargement in men, male infertility (usually reversible after treatment discontinuation and may be reversible after dose reduction. Do not stop your treatment without speaking to your specialist first).
- Swelling of he feet and legs (oedema)
- Obesity, weight gain – as your appetite may be increased
- Bedwetting or increased need to pass urine, urinary incontinence (unintentional passing of urine)
- Passing a lot of urine and feeling hirsty (Fanconi syndrome)
- Decrease in carnitine levels (shown in blood or muscular tests)
- Seeing, feeling or hearing things hat are not there (hallucinations)
- Aggression, agitation, disturbance in attention, abnormal behaviour, restlessness/ hyperactivity, memory impairment, or cognitive or learning disorder
- Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet
- Lowering of normal body temperature
There have been reports of bone disorders including osteopenia and osteoporosis (thinning of he bone) and fractures. Check with your GP, specialist or pharmacist if you are on long-term anti-epileptic medication, have a history of osteoporosis, or take steroids.
Tests
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution can change levels of liver enzymes, blood clotting factors, salts or sugars shown up on blood and urine tests.
Additional side effects in children
Some side effects of valproate occur more frequen ly in children or are more severe compared to adults. These include liver damage, inflammation of he pancreas (pancreatitis), bedwetting (enuresis), renal dysfunction (Fanconi Syndrome), overgrowth of gum tissue, aggression, agitation, disturbance in attention, abnormal behaviour, hyperactivity and learning disorder.
Reporting of side effects
If you get any side effects, talk to your GP, specialist, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via he Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.
5. How to store Sodium Valproate Oral Solution
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.
Do not take his medicine after the expiry date shown on the carton after “EXP”. The expiry date refers to he last day of that month.
Use within 6 months after first opening.
Keep he bot le in the outer carton to protect from light. Store below 25oC. Do not refrigerate or freeze.
Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect he environment.
6. Contents of the pack and other information
What Sodium Valproate Oral Solution contains
- Each 5ml contains 200mg of the active substance, Sodium Valproate.
The other ingredients are hydroxyethyl cellulose, sorbitol solution 70%
(non-crystallising) (E420), sodium me hyl hydroxybenzoate (E219), sodium propyl hydroxybenzoate (E217), saccharin sodium, ponceau 4R (E124), cherry flavour, citric acid anhydrous (for pH adjustment) and purified water.
What Sodium Valproate Oral Solution looks like and contents of the pack
Sodium Valproate Oral Solution is a solution supplied in Type III amber glass bot les with white child–resistant HDPE caps containing 300ml of Oral Solution.
A 20ml dosing cup (graduated at 2.5ml, 5ml, 10ml, 15ml and 20ml) and a 5ml oral syringe (graduated at 0.5ml and every 0.25ml hereafter) with a press-in bottle adaptor are provided.
Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer
Marketing Authorisation Holder
Somex Pharma, Ilford, Essex, IG3 8BS, UK.
Manufacturer
Kleva Pharmaceuticals SA,189 Parnithos Avenue, 136 75 Acharnai, Athens, Greece.
This leaflet does not contain all the information about your medicine. If you have any questions or are not sure about anything, ask your GP, specialist or pharmacist.
This leaflet was last revised in July 2026.
Other sources of information
To request a copy of this leaflet in braille or large print, please call 020 8590 9399 (UK Only).
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