VIPIDIA 12.5 MG FILM-COATED TABLETS - patient leaflet, side effects, dosage

ANNEX I

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

• 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Vipidia 6.25 mg film-coated tablets

Vipidia 12.5 mg film-coated tablets

Vipidia 25 mg film-coated tablets

• 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Vipidia 6.25 mg film-coated tablets

Each tablet contains alogliptin benzoate equivalent to 6.25 mg alogliptin.

Vipidia 12.5 mg film-coated tablets

Each tablet contains alogliptin benzoate equivalent to 12.5 mg alogliptin.

Vipidia 25 mg film-coated tablets

Each tablet contains alogliptin benzoate equivalent to 25 mg alogliptin.

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

• 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Film-coated tablet (tablet).

Vipidia 6.25 mg film-coated tablets

Light pink, oval (approximately 9.1 mm long by 5.1 mm wide), biconvex, film-coated tablets with “TAK” and “ALG-6.25” printed in grey ink on one side.

Vipidia 12.5 mg film-coated tablets

• Yellow, oval (approximately 9.1 mm long by 5.1 mm wide), biconvex, film-coated tablets with “TAK” and “ALG-12.5” printed in grey ink on one side.

Vipidia 25 mg film-coated tablets

Light red, oval (approximately 9.1 mm long by 5.1 mm wide), biconvex, film-coated tablets with “TAK” and “ALG-25” printed in grey ink on one side.

• 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS

  • 4.1 Therapeutic indications

Vipidia is indicated in adults aged 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control in combination with other glucose lowering medicinal products including insulin, when these, together with diet and exercise, do not provide adequate glycaemic control (see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1 for available data on different combinations).

• 4.2 Posology and method of administration

Posology

For the different dose regimens, Vipidia is available in strengths of 25 mg, 12.5 mg and 6.25 mg film-coated tablets.

Adults (> 18 years old)

The recommended dose of alogliptin is one tablet of 25 mg once daily as add-on therapy to metformin, a thiazolidinedione, a sulphonylurea, or insulin or as triple therapy with metformin and a thiazolidinedione or insulin.

When alogliptin is used in combination with metformin and/or a thiazolidinedione, the dose of metformin and/or the thiazolidinedione should be maintained, and Vipidia administered concomitantly.

When alogliptin is used in combination with a sulphonylurea or insulin, a lower dose of the sulphonylurea or insulin may be considered to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia (see section 4.4).

Caution should be exercised when alogliptin is used in combination with metformin and a thiazolidinedione as an increased risk of hypoglycaemia has been observed with this triple therapy (see section 4.4). In case of hypoglycaemia, a lower dose of the thiazolidinedione or metformin may be considered.

Special populations

Elderly (> 65 years old)

No dose adjustment is necessary based on age. However, dosing of alogliptin should be conservative in patients with advanced age due to the potential for decreased renal function in this population.

Renal impairment

For patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance (CrCl) > 50 to < 80 mL/min), no dose adjustment of alogliptin is necessary (see section 5.2).

For patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCl > 30 to < 50 mL/min), one-half of the recommended dose of alogliptin should be administered (12.5 mg once daily; see section 5.2).

For patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min) or end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis, one-quarter of the recommended dose of alogliptin should be administered (6.25 mg once daily). Alogliptin may be administered without regard to the timing of dialysis. Experience in patients requiring renal dialysis is limited. Alogliptin has not been studied in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).

Appropriate assessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiation of treatment and periodically thereafter (see section 4.4).

Hepatic impairment

No dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh scores of 5 to 9). Alogliptin has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score > 9) and is, therefore, not recommended for use in such patients (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).

Paediatric population

The safety and efficacy of Vipidia in children and adolescents < 18 years old have not been established. No data are available.

Method of administration

Oral use.

Vipidia should be taken once daily with or without food. The tablets should be swallowed whole with water.

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as the patient remembers. A double dose should not be taken on the same day.

• 4.3 Contraindi­cations

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1 or history of a serious hypersensitivity reaction, including anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactic shock, and angioedema, to any dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (see sections 4.4 and 4.8).

• 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use

General

Vipidia should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Vipidia is not a substitute for insulin in insulin-requiring patients.

Use with other antihyperglycaemic medicinal products and hypoglycaemia

Due to the increased risk of hypoglycaemia in combination with a sulphonylurea, insulin or combination therapy with thiazolidinedione plus metformin, a lower dose of these medicinal products may be considered to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia when these medicinal products are used in combination with alogliptin (see section 4.2).

Combinations not studied

Alogliptin has not been studied in combination with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues nor formally as triple therapy with metformin and a sulphonylurea.

Renal impairment

As there is a need for dose adjustment in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment, or end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis, appropriate assessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiation of alogliptin therapy and periodically thereafter (see section 4.2).

Experience in patients requiring renal dialysis is limited. Alogliptin has not been studied in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (see sections 4.2 and 5.2).

Hepatic impairment

Alogliptin has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score > 9) and is, therefore, not recommended for use in such patients (see sections 4.2 and 5.2).

Cardiac failure

Experience of alogliptin use in clinical studies in patients with congestive heart failure of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III and IV is limited and caution is warranted in these patients.

Hypersensitivity reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic reactions, angioedema and exfoliative skin conditions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme have been observed for DPP-4 inhibitors and have been spontaneously reported for alogliptin in the post-marketing setting. In clinical studies of alogliptin, anaphylactic reactions were reported with a low incidence.

Acute pancreatitis

Use of DPP-4 inhibitors has been associated with a risk of developing acute pancreatitis. In a pooled analysis of the data from 13 studies, the overall rates of pancreatitis reports in patients treated with 25 mg alogliptin, 12.5 mg alogliptin, active control or placebo were 2, 1, 1 or 0 events per

1,000 patient years, respectively. In the cardiovascular outcomes study the rates of pancreatitis reports in patients treated with alogliptin or placebo were 3 or 2 events per 1,000 patient years, respectively. There have been spontaneously reported adverse reactions of acute pancreatitis in the post-marketing setting. Patients should be informed of the characteristic symptom of acute pancreatitis: persistent, severe abdominal pain, which may radiate to the back. If pancreatitis is suspected, Vipidia should be discontinued; if acute pancreatitis is confirmed, Vipidia should not be restarted. Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of pancreatitis.

Hepatic effects

Postmarketing reports of hepatic dysfunction including hepatic failure have been received. A causal relationship has not been established. Patients should be observed closely for possible liver abnormalities. Obtain liver function tests promptly in patients with symptoms suggestive of liver injury. If an abnormality is found and an alternative etiology is not established, consider discontinuation of alogliptin treatment.

• 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Effects of other medicinal products on alogliptin

Alogliptin is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine and metabolism by the cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzyme system is negligible (see section 5.2). Interactions with CYP inhibitors are thus not expected and have not been shown.

Results from clinical interaction studies also demonstrate that there are no clinically relevant effects of gemfibrozil (a CYP2C8/9 inhibitor), fluconazole (a CYP2C9 inhibitor), ketoconazole (a CYP3A4 inhibitor), cyclosporine (a p-glycoprotein inhibitor), voglibose (an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), digoxin, metformin, cimetidine, pioglitazone or atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of alogliptin.

Effects of alogliptin on other medicinal products

In vitro studies suggest that alogliptin does not inhibit nor induce CYP 450 isoforms at concentrations achieved with the recommended dose of 25 mg alogliptin (see section 5.2). Interaction with substrates of CYP 450 isoforms are thus not expected and have not been shown. In studies in vitro , alogliptin was found to be neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of key transporters associated with disposition of the active substance in the kidney: organic anion transporter-1, organic anion transporter-3 or organic cationic transporter-2 (OCT2). Furthermore, clinical data do not suggest interaction with p-glycoprotein inhibitors or substrates.

In clinical studies, alogliptin had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, ®-warfarin, pioglitazone, glyburide, tolbutamide, (S)-warfarin, dextromethorphan, atorvastatin, midazolam, an oral contraceptive (norethindrone and ethinyl oestradiol), digoxin, fexofenadine, metformin, or cimetidine, thus providing in vivo evidence of a low propensity to cause interaction with substrates of CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, p-glycoprotein, and OCT2.

In healthy subjects, alogliptin had no effect on prothrombin time or International Normalised Ratio (INR) when administered concomitantly with warfarin.

Combination with other anti-diabetic medicinal products

Results from studies with metformin, pioglitazone (thiazolidine­dione), voglibose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor) and glyburide (sulphonylurea) have shown no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions.

• 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

There are no data from the use of alogliptin in pregnant women. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of alogliptin during pregnancy.

Breast-feeding

It is unknown whether alogliptin is excreted in human milk. Animal studies have shown excretion of alogliptin in milk (see section 5.3). A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded.

A decision on whether to discontinue breast-feeding or to discontinue alogliptin therapy should be made taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding for the child and the benefit of alogliptin therapy for the woman.

Fertility

The effect of alogliptin on fertility in humans has not been studied. No adverse effects on fertility were observed in animal studies (see section 5.3).

• 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Vipidia has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. However patients should be alerted to the risk of hypoglycaemia especially when combined with a sulphonylurea, insulin or combination therapy with thiazolidinedione plus metformin.

• 4.8 Undesirable effects

Summary of the safety profile

The information provided is based on a total of 9,405 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 3,750 patients treated with 25 mg alogliptin and 2,476 patients treated with 12.5 mg alogliptin, who participated in one phase 2 or 12 phase 3 double-blind, placebo- or active-controlled clinical studies. In addition, a cardiovascular outcomes study with 5,380 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a recent acute coronary syndrome event was conducted with 2,701 randomised to alogliptin and 2,679 randomised to placebo. These studies evaluated the effects of alogliptin on glycaemic control and its safety as monotherapy, as initial combination therapy with metformin or a thiazolidinedione, and as add-on therapy to metformin, or a sulphonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione (with or without metformin or a sulphonylurea), or insulin (with or without metformin).

In a pooled analysis of the data from 13 studies, the overall incidences of adverse events, serious adverse events and adverse events resulting in discontinuation of therapy were comparable in patients treated with 25 mg alogliptin, 12.5 mg alogliptin, active control or placebo. The most common adverse reaction in patients treated with 25 mg alogliptin was headache.

The safety of alogliptin between the elderly (> 65 years old) and non-elderly (< 65 years old) was similar.

Tabulated list of adverse reactions

The adverse reactions are listed by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as very common (>1/10); common (>1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated from available data).

In the pooled pivotal phase 3 controlled clinical studies of alogliptin as monotherapy and as add-on combination therapy involving 5,659 patients, the observed adverse reactions are listed below (Table 1).

Table 1: Adverse reactions

System organ class Adverse reaction	Frequency of adverse reactions
Infections and infestations upper respiratory tract infections nasopharyngitis	common common
Immune system disorders hypersensitivity	not known
Metabolism and nutrition disorders hypoglycaemia	common
Nervous system disorders headache	common
Gastrointestinal disorders abdominal pain gastroesophageal reflux disease diarrhoea acute pancreatitis	common common common not known
Hepatobiliary disorders hepatic dysfunction including hepatic failure	not known
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders pruritus rash exfoliative skin conditions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome erythema multiforme angioedema urticaria	common common not known not known not known not known

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system listed in

• 4.9 Overdose

The highest doses of alogliptin administered in clinical studies were single doses of 800 mg to healthy subjects and doses of 400 mg once daily for 14 days to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (equivalent to 32 times and 16 times the recommended daily dose of 25 mg alogliptin, respectively).

Management

In the event of an overdose, appropriate supportive measures should be employed as dictated by the patient’s clinical status.

Minimal quantities of alogliptin are removed by haemodialysis (approximately 7% of the substance was removed during a 3-hour haemodialysis session). Therefore, haemodialysis is of little clinical benefit in overdose. It is not known if alogliptin is removed by peritoneal dialysis.

• 5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

  • 5.1 Pharmacody­namic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Drugs used in diabetes; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.

ATC code: A10BH04.

Mechanism of action and pharmacodynamic effects

Alogliptin is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of DPP-4, >10,000-fold more selective for DPP-4 than other related enzymes including DPP-8 and DPP-9. DPP-4 is the principal enzyme involved in the rapid degradation of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), which are released by the intestine and levels are increased in response to a meal. GLP-1 and GIP increases insulin biosynthesis and secretion from pancreatic beta cells, while GLP-1 also inhibits glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose production. Alogliptin therefore improves glycaemic control via a glucose-dependent mechanism, whereby insulin release is enhanced and glucagon levels are suppressed when glucose levels are high.

Clinical efficacy

Alogliptin has been studied as monotherapy, as initial combination therapy with metformin or a thiazolidinedione, and as add-on therapy to metformin, or a sulphonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione (with or without metformin or a sulphonylurea), or insulin (with or without metformin).

Administration of 25 mg alogliptin to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus produced peak inhibition of DPP-4 within 1 to 2 hours and exceeded 93% both after a single 25 mg dose and after 14 days of once-daily dosing. Inhibition of DPP-4 remained above 81% at 24 hours after 14 days of dosing.

When the 4-hour postprandial glucose concentrations were averaged across breakfast, lunch and dinner, 14 days of treatment with 25 mg alogliptin resulted in a mean placebo-corrected reduction from baseline of –35.2 mg/dL.

Both 25 mg alogliptin alone and in combination with 30 mg pioglitazone demonstrated significant decreases in postprandial glucose and postprandial glucagon whilst significantly increasing postprandial active GLP-1 levels at Week 16 compared to placebo (p<0.05). In addition, 25 mg alogliptin alone and in combination with 30 mg pioglitazone produced statistically significant (p<0.001) reductions in total triglycerides at Week 16 as measured by postprandial incremental AUC(0–8) change from baseline compared to placebo.

A total of 14,779 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 6,448 patients treated with 25 mg alogliptin and 2,476 patients treated with 12.5 mg alogliptin, participated in one phase 2 or 13 phase 3 (including the cardiovascular outcomes study) double-blind, placebo- or active-controlled clinical studies conducted to evaluate the effects of alogliptin on glycaemic control and its safety. In these studies, 2,257 alogliptin-treated patients were > 65 years old and 386 alogliptin-treated patients were > 75 years old. The studies included 5,744 patients with mild renal impairment, 1,290 patients with moderate renal impairment and 82 patients with severe renal impairment / end-stage renal disease treated with alogliptin.

Overall, treatment with the recommended daily dose of 25 mg alogliptin improved glycaemic control when given as monotherapy and as initial or add-on combination therapy. This was determined by clinically relevant and statistically significant reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose compared to control from baseline to study endpoint. Reductions in HbA1c were similar across different subgroups including renal impairment, age, gender and body mass index, while differences between races (e.g. White and non-White) were small. Clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c compared to control were also observed with 25 mg alogliptin regardless of baseline background treatment. Higher baseline HbA1c was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c. Generally, the effects of alogliptin on body weight and lipids were neutral.

Alogliptin as monotherapy

Treatment with 25 mg alogliptin once daily resulted in statistically significant improvements from baseline in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose compared to placebo-control at Week 26 (Table 2).

Alogliptin as add-on therapy to metformin

The addition of 25 mg alogliptin once daily to metformin hydrochloride therapy (mean dose = 1,847 mg) resulted in statistically significant improvements from baseline in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose at Week 26 when compared to the addition of placebo (Table 2). Significantly more patients receiving 25 mg alogliptin (44.4%) achieved target HbAlc levels of < 7.0% compared to those receiving placebo (18.3%) at Week 26 (p<0.001).

The addition of 25 mg alogliptin once daily to metformin hydrochloride therapy (mean dose = 1,835 mg) resulted in improvements from baseline in HbA1c at Week 52 and Week 104. At Week 52, the HbA1c reduction by 25 mg alogliptin plus metformin (-0.76%, Table 3) was similar to that produced by glipizide (mean dose = 5.2 mg) plus metformin hydrochloride therapy (mean dose = 1,824 mg, –0.73%). At Week 104, the HbA1c reduction by 25 mg alogliptin plus metformin (-0.72%, Table 3) was greater than that produced by glipizide plus metformin (-0.59%). Mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose at Week 52 for 25 mg alogliptin and metformin was significantly greater than that for glipizide and metformin (p<0.001). By Week 104, mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose for 25 mg alogliptin and metformin was –3.2 mg/dL compared with 5.4 mg/dL for glipizide and metformin. More patients receiving 25 mg alogliptin and metformin (48.5%) achieved target HbA1c levels of < 7.0% compared to those receiving glipizide and metformin (42.8%) (p=0.004).

Alogliptin as add-on therapy to a sulphonylurea

The addition of 25 mg alogliptin once daily to glyburide therapy (mean dose = 12.2 mg) resulted in statistically significant improvements from baseline in HbA1c at Week 26 when compared to the addition of placebo (Table 2). Mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose at Week 26 for 25 mg alogliptin showed a reduction of 8.4 mg/dL compared to an increase of 2.2 mg/dL with placebo. Significantly more patients receiving 25 mg alogliptin (34.8%) achieved target HbA1c levels of < 7.0% compared to those receiving placebo (18.2%) at Week 26 (p=0.002).

Alogliptin as add-on therapy to a thiazolidinedione

The addition of 25 mg alogliptin once daily to pioglitazone therapy (mean dose = 35.0 mg, with or without metformin or a sulphonylurea) resulted in statistically significant improvements from baseline in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose at Week 26 when compared to the addition of placebo (Table 2). Clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c compared to placebo were also observed with 25 mg alogliptin regardless of whether patients were receiving concomitant metformin or sulphonylurea therapy. Significantly more patients receiving 25 mg alogliptin (49.2%) achieved target HbA1c levels of < 7.0% compared to those receiving placebo (34.0%) at Week 26 (p=0.004).

Alogliptin as add-on therapy to a thiazolidinedione with metformin

The addition of 25 mg alogliptin once daily to 30 mg pioglitazone and metformin hydrochloride therapy (mean dose = 1,867.9 mg) resulted in improvements from baseline in HbA1c at Week 52 that were both non-inferior and statistically superior to those produced by 45 mg pioglitazone and metformin hydrochloride therapy (mean dose = 1,847.6 mg, Table 3). The significant reductions in HbA1c observed with 25 mg alogliptin plus 30 mg pioglitazone and metformin were consistent over the entire 52-week treatment period compared to 45 mg pioglitazone and metformin (p<0.001 at all time points). In addition, mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose at Week 52 for 25 mg alogliptin plus 30 mg pioglitazone and metformin was significantly greater than that for 45 mg pioglitazone and metformin (p<0.001). Significantly more patients receiving 25 mg alogliptin plus 30 mg pioglitazone and metformin (33.2%) achieved target HbAlc levels of < 7.0% compared to those receiving 45 mg pioglitazone and metformin (21.3%) at Week 52 (p<0.001).

Alogliptin as add-on therapy to insulin (with or without metformin)

The addition of 25 mg alogliptin once daily to insulin therapy (mean dose = 56.5 IU, with or without metformin) resulted in statistically significant improvements from baseline in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose at Week 26 when compared to the addition of placebo (Table 2). Clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c compared to placebo were also observed with 25 mg alogliptin regardless of whether patients were receiving concomitant metformin therapy. More patients receiving 25 mg alogliptin (7.8%) achieved target HbA1c levels of < 7.0% compared to those receiving placebo (0.8%) at Week 26.

Table 2: Change in HbAlc (%) from baseline with alogliptin 25 mg at Week 26 by placebo-controlled study (FAS, LOCF)
Study	Mean baseline HbAlc (%) (SD)	Mean change from baseline in HbAlc (%) f (SE)	Placebo-corrected change from baseline in HbAlc (%f (2-sided 95% CI)
Monotherapy placebo-controlled study
Alogliptin 25 mg once daily (n=128)	7.91 (0.788)	–0.59 (0.066)	–0.57* (-0.80, –0.35)
Add-on combination therapy placebo-controlled studies
Alogliptin 25 mg once daily with metformin (n=203)	7.93 (0.799)	–0.59 (0.054)	–0.48* (-0.67, –0.30)
Alogliptin 25 mg once daily with a sulphonylurea (n=197)	8.09 (0.898)	–0.52 (0.058)	–0.53* (-0.73, –0.33)
Alogliptin 25 mg once daily with a thiazolidinedione ± metformin or a sulphonylurea (n=195)	8.01 (0.837)	–0.80 (0.056)	–0.61* (-0.80, –0.41)
Alogliptin 25 mg once daily with insulin + metformin (n=126)	9.27 (1.127)	–0.71 (0.078)	–0.59* (-0.80, –0.37)
FAS = full analysis set LOCF = last observation carried forward ' Least squares means adjusted for prior antihyperglycaemic therapy status and baseline values * p<0.001 compared to placebo or placebo+combination treatment

Table 3: Change in HbAlc (%) from baseline with alogliptin 25 mg by active-controlled study (PPS, LOCF)
Study	Mean baseline HbAlc (%) (SD)	Mean change from baseline in HbAlc (%f (SE)	Treatment-corrected change from baseline in HbAlc (%f (1-sided CI)
Add-on combination therapy studies
Alogliptin 25 mg once daily with metformin vs a sulphonylurea + metformin Change at Week 52 (n=382) Change at Week 104 (n=382)	7.61 (0.526) 7.61 (0.526)	–0.76 (0.027) –0.72 (0.037)	–0.03 (-infinity, 0.059) –0.13* (-infinity, –0.006)
Alogliptin 25 mg once daily with a thiazolidinedione + metformin vs a titrating thiazolidinedione + metformin Change at Week 26 (n=303) Change at Week 52 (n=303)	8.25 (0.820) 8.25 (0.820)	–0.89 (0.042) –0.70 (0.048)	–0.47* (-infinity, –0.35) –0.42* (-infinity, –0.28)
PPS = per protocol set LOCF = last observation carried forward * Non inferiority and superiority statistically demonstrated ' Least squares means adjusted for prior antihyperglycaemic therapy status and baseline values

Patients with renal impairment

The efficacy and safety of the recommended doses of alogliptin were investigated separately in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe renal impairment/end-stage renal disease in a placebo-controlled study (59 patients on alogliptin and 56 patients on placebo for 6 months) and found to be consistent with the profile obtained in patients with normal renal function.

Elderly (> 65 years old)

The efficacy of alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and > 65 years old across a pooled analysis of five 26-week placebo-controlled studies was consistent with that in patients < 65 years old.

In addition, treatment with 25 mg alogliptin once daily resulted in improvements from baseline in HbA1c at Week 52 that were similar to those produced by glipizide (mean dose = 5.4 mg). Importantly, despite alogliptin and glipizide having similar HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose changes from baseline, episodes of hypoglycaemia were notably less frequent in patients receiving 25 mg alogliptin (5.4%) compared to those receiving glipizide (26.0%).

Clinical safety

Cardiovascular Safety

In a pooled analysis of the data from 13 studies, the overall incidences of cardiovascular death, non fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke were comparable in patients treated with 25 mg alogliptin, active control or placebo.

In addition, a prospective randomised cardiovascular outcomes safety study was conducted with 5,380 patients with high underlying cardiovascular risk to examine the effect of alogliptin compared with placebo (when added to standard of care) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including time to the first occurrence of any event in the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke in patients with a recent (15 to 90 days) acute coronary event. At baseline, patients had a mean age of 61 years, mean duration of diabetes of 9.2 years, and mean HbA1c of 8.0%.

The study demonstrated that alogliptin did not increase the risk of having a MACE compared to placebo [Hazard Ratio: 0.96; 1-sided 99% Confidence Interval: 0–1.16]. In the alogliptin group, 11.3% of patients experienced a MACE compared to 11.8% of patients in the placebo group.

Table 4. MACE Reported in cardiovascular outcomes study
	Number of Patients (%)
	Alogliptin 25 mg	Placebo
	N=2,701	N=2,679
Primary Composite Endpoint [First Event of CV Death, Nonfatal MI and Nonfatal Stroke]	305 (11.3)	316 (11.8)
Cardiovascular Death*	89 (3.3)	111 (4.1)
Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction	187 (6.9)	173 (6.5)
Nonfatal Stroke	29 (1.1)	32 (1.2)
*Overall there were 153 subjects (5.7%) in the alogliptin group and 173 subjects (6.5%) in the placebo group who died (all-cause mortality).

There were 703 patients who experienced an event within the secondary MACE composite endpoint (first event of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke and urgent revascularization due to unstable angina). In the alogliptin group, 12.7% (344 subjects) experienced an event within the secondary MACE composite endpoint, compared with 13.4% (359 subjects) in the placebo group [Hazard Ratio = 0.95; 1-sided 99% Confidence Interval: 0–1.14].

Hypoglycaemia

In a pooled analysis of the data from 12 studies, the overall incidence of any episode of hypoglycaemia was lower in patients treated with 25 mg alogliptin than in patients treated with 12.5 mg alogliptin, active control or placebo (3.6%, 4.6%, 12.9% and 6.2%, respectively). The majority of these episodes were mild to moderate in intensity. The overall incidence of episodes of severe hypoglycaemia was comparable in patients treated with 25 mg alogliptin or 12.5 mg alogliptin, and lower than the incidence in patients treated with active control or placebo (0.1%, 0.1%, 0.4% and 0.4%, respectively). In the prospective randomised controlled cardiovascular outcomes study, investigator reported events of hypoglycemia were similar in patients receiving placebo (6.5%) and patients receiving alogliptin (6.7%) in addition to standard of care.

In a clinical study of alogliptin as mono-therapy, the incidence of hypoglycaemia was similar to that of placebo, and lower than placebo in another study as add-on to a sulphonylurea.

Higher rates of hypoglycaemia were observed with triple therapy with thiazolidinedione and metformin and in combination with insulin, as observed with other DPP-4 inhibitors.

Patients (> 65 years old) with type 2 diabetes mellitus are considered more susceptible to episodes of hypoglycaemia than patients < 65 years old. In a pooled analysis of the data from 12 studies, the overall incidence of any episode of hypoglycaemia was similar in patients > 65 years old treated with 25 mg alogliptin (3.8%) to that in patients < 65 years old (3.6%).

Paediatric population

The European Medicines Agency has deferred the obligation to submit the results of studies with Vipidia in one or more subsets of the paediatric population in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use).

• 5.2 Pharmacoki­netic properties

The pharmacokinetics of alogliptin has been shown to be similar in healthy subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Absorption

The absolute bioavailability of alogliptin is approximately 100%.

Administration with a high-fat meal resulted in no change in total and peak exposure to alogliptin. Vipidia may, therefore, be administered with or without food.

After administration of single, oral doses of up to 800 mg in healthy subjects, alogliptin was rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations occurring 1 to 2 hours (median Tmax) after dosing.

No clinically relevant accumulation after multiple dosing was observed in either healthy subjects or in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Total and peak exposure to alogliptin increased proportionately across single doses of 6.25 mg up to 100 mg alogliptin (covering the therapeutic dose range). The inter-subject coefficient of variation for alogliptin AUC was small (17%).

Distribution

Following a single intravenous dose of 12.5 mg alogliptin to healthy subjects, the volume of distribution during the terminal phase was 417 L indicating that the active substance is well distributed into tissues.

Alogliptin is 20–30% bound to plasma proteins.

Biotransformation

Alogliptin does not undergo extensive metabolism, 60–70% of the dose is excreted as unchanged active substance in the urine.

Two minor metabolites were detected following administration of an oral dose of [14C] alogliptin, N-demethylated alogliptin, M-I (< 1% of the parent compound), and N-acetylated alogliptin, M-II (< 6% of the parent compound). M-I is an active metabolite and is a highly selective inhibitor of DPP-4 similar to alogliptin; M-II does not display any inhibitory activity towards DPP-4 or other DPP-related enzymes. In vitro data indicate that CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 contribute to the limited metabolism of alogliptin.

In vitro studies indicate that alogliptin does not induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 and does not inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 at concentrations achieved with the recommended dose of 25 mg alogliptin. Studies in vitro have shown alogliptin to be a mild inducer of CYP3A4, but alogliptin has not been shown to induce CYP3A4 in studies in vivo.

In studies in vitro , alogliptin was not an inhibitor of the following renal transporters; OAT1, OAT3 and OCT2.

Alogliptin exists predominantly as the ®-enantiomer (> 99%) and undergoes little or no chiral conversion in vivo to the (S)-enantiomer. The (S)-enantiomer is not detectable at therapeutic doses.

Elimination

Alogliptin was eliminated with a mean terminal half-life (T1/2) of approximately 21 hours.

Following administration of an oral dose of [14C] alogliptin, 76% of total radioactivity was eliminated in the urine and 13% was recovered in the faeces.

The average renal clearance of alogliptin (170 mL/min) was greater than the average estimated glomerular filtration rate (approx. 120 mL/min), suggesting some active renal excretion.

Time-dependency

Total exposure (AUC(0-inf)) to alogliptin following administration of a single dose was similar to exposure during one dose interval (AUC(0–24)) after 6 days of once daily dosing. This indicates no time-dependency in the kinetics of alogliptin after multiple dosing.

Special populations

Renal impairment

A single-dose of 50 mg alogliptin was administered to 4 groups of patients with varying degrees of renal impairment (CrCl using the Cockcroft-Gault formula): mild (CrCl = > 50 to < 80 mL/min), moderate (CrCl = > 30 to < 50 mL/min), severe (CrCl = < 30 mL/min) and end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis.

An approximate 1.7-fold increase in AUC for alogliptin was observed in patients with mild renal impairment. However, as the distribution of AUC values for alogliptin in these patients was within the same range as control subjects, no dose adjustment for patients with mild renal impairment is necessary (see section 4.2).

In patients with moderate or severe renal impairment, or end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis, an increase in systemic exposure to alogliptin of approximately 2– and 4-fold was observed, respectively. (Patients with end-stage renal disease underwent haemodialysis immediately after alogliptin dosing. Based on mean dialysate concentrations, approximately 7% of the active substance was removed during a 3-hour haemodialysis session.) Therefore, in order to maintain systemic exposures to alogliptin that are similar to those observed in patients with normal renal function, lower doses of alogliptin should be used in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment, or end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis (see section 4.2).

Hepatic impairment

Total exposure to alogliptin was approximately 10% lower and peak exposure was approximately 8% lower in patients with moderate hepatic impairment compared to healthy control subjects. The magnitude of these reductions was not considered to be clinically relevant. Therefore, no dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh scores of 5 to 9). Alogliptin has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score > 9, see section 4.2).

Age, gender, race, body weight

Age (65–81 years old), gender, race (white, black and Asian) and body weight did not have any clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of alogliptin. No dose adjustment is necessary (see section 4.2).

Paediatric population

The pharmacokinetics of alogliptin in children and adolescents < 18 years old has not been established. No data are available (see section 4.2).

• 5.3 Preclinical safety data

Nonclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology and toxicology.

The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in the repeated dose toxicity studies in rats and dogs up to 26 and 39 weeks in duration, respectively, produced exposure margins that were approximately 147– and 227-fold, respectively, the exposure in humans at the recommended dose of 25 mg alogliptin.

Alogliptin was not genotoxic in a standard battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies.

Alogliptin was not carcinogenic in 2-year carcinogenicity studies conducted in rats and mice. Minimal to mild simple transitional cell hyperplasia was seen in the urinary bladder of male rats at the lowest dose used (27 times the human exposure) without establishment of a clear NOEL (no observed effect level).

No adverse effects of alogliptin were observed upon fertility, reproductive performance, or early embryonic development in rats up to a systemic exposure far above the human exposure at the recommended dose. Although fertility was not affected, a slight, statistical increase in the number of abnormal sperm was observed in males at an exposure far above the human exposure at the recommended dose.

Placental transfer of alogliptin occurs in rats.

Alogliptin was not teratogenic in rats or rabbits with a systemic exposure at the NOAELs far above the human exposure at the recommended dose. Higher doses of alogliptin were not teratogenic but resulted in maternal toxicity, and were associated with delayed and/or lack of ossification of bones and decreased foetal body weights.

In a pre- and postnatal development study in rats, exposures far above the human exposure at the recommended dose did not harm the developing embryo or affect offspring growth and development. Higher doses of alogliptin decreased offspring body weight and exerted some developmental effects considered secondary to the low body weight.

Studies in lactating rats indicate that alogliptin is excreted in milk.

No alogliptin-related effects were observed in juvenile rats following repeat-dose administration for 4 and 8 weeks.

• 6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

  • 6.1 List of excipients

Tablet core

Mannitol

Microcrystalline cellulose

Hydroxypropyl­cellulose Croscarmellose sodium Magnesium stearate

Film-coating

Hypromellose

Titanium dioxide (E171)

Iron oxide red (E172)

Iron oxide yellow (E172)

Macrogol 8000

Printing ink

Shellac

Iron oxide black (E172)

• 6.2 Incompati­bilities

Not applicable.

• 6.3 Shelf life

4 years.

• 6.4 Special precautions for storage

This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.

• 6.5 Nature and contents of container

Polychlorotri­fluoroethylene (PCTFE)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blisters with push through aluminium lidding foil. Pack sizes of 10, 14, 28, 30, 56, 60, 84, 90, 98 or 100 film-coated tablets.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

• 6.6 Special precautions for disposal

Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

• 7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Takeda Pharma A/S

Dybendal Alle 10

2630 Taastrup

Denmark

• 8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

EU/1/13/844/001–030

• 9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RE­NEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION

Date of first authorisation: 19 September 2013

Date of latest renewal:

• 10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines

Agency

• ANNEX II

• A. MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE

• B. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS REGARDING SUPPLY AND USE

• C. OTHER CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION

• D. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS WITH REGARD TO

THE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

A. MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE

Name and address of the manufacturer responsible for batch release

Takeda Ireland Ltd.

Bray Business Park

Kilruddery

Co Wicklow

Ireland

B. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS REGARDING SUPPLY AND USE

Medicinal product subject to medical prescription.

C. OTHER CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION

• Periodic Safety Update Reports

The requirements for submission of periodic safety update reports for this medicinal product are set out in the list of Union reference dates (EURD list) provided for under Article 107c(7) of Directive 2001/83/EC and any subsequent updates published on the European medicines web-portal.

D. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS WITH REGARD TO THE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Risk Management Plan (RMP)

The MAH shall perform the required pharmacovigilance activities and interventions detailed in the agreed RMP presented in Module 1.8.2 of the Marketing Authorisation and any agreed subsequent updates of the RMP.

An updated RMP should be submitted:

• At the request of the European Medicines Agency;
• Whenever the risk management system is modified, especially as the result of new information being received that may lead to a significant change to the benefit/risk profile or as the result of an important (pharmacovigilance or risk minimisation) milestone being reached.

• ANNEX III

LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET

A. LABELLING

PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGING

CARTON

• 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Vipidia 6.25 mg film-coated tablets alogliptin

• 2. STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S)

Each tablet contains 6.25 mg alogliptin (as benzoate).

• 3. LIST OF EXCIPIENTS

• 4. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS 10film-coated tablets

14 film-coated tablets

28 film-coated tablets

30 film-coated tablets

56 film-coated tablets

60 film-coated tablets

84 film-coated tablets

90 film-coated tablets

98 film-coated tablets

100 film-coated tablets

• 5. METHOD AND ROUTE(S) OF ADMINISTRATION

Read the package leaflet before use.

Oral use.

• 6. SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT OF THE SIGHT AND REACH OF CHILDREN

Keep out of the sight and reach of children.

• 7. OTHER SPECIAL WARNING(S), IF NECESSARY

• 8. EXPIRY DATE

• 10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF APPROPRIATE

• 11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Takeda Pharma A/S Dybendal Alle 10 2630 Taastrup Denmark

• 12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

EU/1/13/844/001 10 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/002 14 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/003 28 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/004 30 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/005 56 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/006 60 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/007 90 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/008 98 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/0­09 100 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/028 84 film-coated tablets

• 13. BATCH NUMBER

Lot

• 14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY

• 15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE

• 16. INFORMATION IN BRAILLE

Vipidia 6.25 mg

• 17. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER – 2D BARCODE 2D barcode carrying the unique identifier included.

  PC:

  SN:

  NN:

  
  

MINIMUM PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON BLISTERS OR STRIPS

BLISTER

• 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Vipidia 6.25 mg tablets alogliptin

• 2. NAME OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Takeda

• 3. EXPIRY DATE

EXP

• 4. BATCH NUMBER

Lot

• 5. OTHER

PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGING

CARTON

• 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Vipidia 12.5 mg film-coated tablets alogliptin

• 2. STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S)

Each tablet contains 12.5 mg alogliptin (as benzoate).

• 3. LIST OF EXCIPIENTS

• 4. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS 10 film-coated tablets

14 film-coated tablets

28 film-coated tablets

30 film-coated tablets

56 film-coated tablets

60 film-coated tablets

84 film-coated tablets

90 film-coated tablets

98 film-coated tablets

100 film-coated tablets

• 5. METHOD AND ROUTE(S) OF ADMINISTRATION

Read the package leaflet before use.

Oral use.

• 6. SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT

OF THE SIGHT AND REACH OF CHILDREN

Keep out of the sight and reach of children.

• 7. OTHER SPECIAL WARNING(S), IF NECESSARY

• 8. EXPIRY DATE

• 10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF APPROPRIATE

• 11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Takeda Pharma A/S Dybendal Alle 10 2630 Taastrup Denmark

• 12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

EU/1/13/844/010 10 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/011 14 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/012 28 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/013 30 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/014 56 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/015 60 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/016 90 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/017 98 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/0­18 100 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/029 84 film-coated tablets

• 13. BATCH NUMBER

Lot

• 14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY

• 15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE

• 16. INFORMATION IN BRAILLE

Vipidia 12.5 mg

• 17. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER – 2D BARCODE 2D barcode carrying the unique identifier included.

  PC:

  SN:

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MINIMUM PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON BLISTERS OR STRIPS

BLISTER

• 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Vipidia 12.5 mg tablets

alogliptin

• 2. NAME OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Takeda

• 3. EXPIRY DATE

EXP

• 4. BATCH NUMBER

Lot

• 5. OTHER

PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGING

CARTON

• 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Vipidia 25 mg film-coated tablets alogliptin

• 2. STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S)

Each tablet contains 25 mg alogliptin (as benzoate).

• 3. LIST OF EXCIPIENTS

• 4. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS 10 film-coated tablets

14 film-coated tablets

28 film-coated tablets

30 film-coated tablets

56 film-coated tablets

60 film-coated tablets

84 film-coated tablets

90 film-coated tablets

98 film-coated tablets

100 film-coated tablets

• 5. METHOD AND ROUTE(S) OF ADMINISTRATION

Read the package leaflet before use.

Oral use.

• 6. SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT OF THE SIGHT AND REACH OF CHILDREN

Keep out of the sight and reach of children.

• 7. OTHER SPECIAL WARNING(S), IF NECESSARY

• 8. EXPIRY DATE

• 10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF APPROPRIATE

• 11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Takeda Pharma A/S Dybendal Alle 10 2630 Taastrup Denmark

• 12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

EU/1/13/844/019 10 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/020 14 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/021 28 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/022 30 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/023 56 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/024 60 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/025 90 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/026 98 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/0­27 100 film-coated tablets

EU/1/13/844/030 84 film-coated tablets

• 13. BATCH NUMBER

Lot

• 14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY

• 15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE

• 16. INFORMATION IN BRAILLE

Vipidia 25 mg

• 17. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER – 2D BARCODE 2D barcode carrying the unique identifier included.

  PC:

  SN:

  NN:

  
  

MINIMUM PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON BLISTERS OR STRIPS

BLISTER

• 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Vipidia 25 mg tablets

alogliptin

• 2. NAME OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Takeda

• 3. EXPIRY DATE

EXP

• 4. BATCH NUMBER

Lot

• 5. OTHER

B. PACKAGE LEAFLET

Package leaflet: Information for the patient

Vipidia 25 mg film-coated tablets

Vipidia 12.5 mg film-coated tablets

Vipidia 6.25 mg film-coated tablets

alogliptin

Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you.

• – Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.

• – If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

• – This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them,

even if their signs of illness are the same as yours.

- if you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. this includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. see section 4.

What is in this leaflet

• 1. What Vipidia is and what it is used for

• 2. What you need to know before you take Vipidia

• 3. How to take Vipidia

• 4. Possible side effects

• 5. How to store Vipidia

• 6. Contents of the pack and other information

1. what vipidia is and what it is used for

Vipidia contains the active substance alogliptin which belongs to a group of medicines called DPP-4 inhibitors (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) which are “oral anti-diabetics”. It is used to lower blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM.

Vipidia works to increase the levels of insulin in the body after a meal and decrease the amount of sugar in the body. It must be taken together with other anti-diabetic medicines, which your doctor will have prescribed for you, such as sulphonylureas (e.g. glipizide, tolbutamide, glibenclamide), metformin and/or thiazolidinediones (e.g. pioglitazone) and metformin and/or insulin.

Vipidia is taken when your blood sugar cannot be adequately controlled by diet, exercise and one or more of these other oral anti-diabetic medicines. It is important that you continue to take your other anti-diabetic medicine, and continue to follow the advice on diet and exercise that your nurse or doctor has given you.

2. what you need to know before you take vipidia

Do not take Vipidia:

• – if you are allergic to alogliptin or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6)

• – if you have had a serious allergic reaction to any other similar medicines that you take to control your blood sugar. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include; rash, raised red patches on your skin (hives), swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing. Additional symptoms may include general itching and feeling of heat especially affecting the scalp, mouth, throat, palms of hands and soles of feet (Stevens-Johnson syndrome).

Warnings and precautions

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Vipidia:

• – if you have type 1 diabetes (your body does not produce insulin)

• – if you have diabetic ketoacidosis (a complication of diabetes that occurs when the body is

unable to breakdown glucose because there is not enough insulin). Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting and rapid weight loss

• – if you are taking an anti-diabetic medicine known as sulphonylurea (e.g. glipizide, tolbutamide, glibenclamide) or insulin. Your doctor may want to reduce your dose of sulphonylurea or insulin when you take any of them together with Vipidia in order to avoid too low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

• – if you have kidney disease, you can still take this medicine but your doctor may reduce the dose

• – if you have liver disease

• – if you suffer from heart failure

• – if you are taking insulin or an anti-diabetic medicine, your doctor may want to reduce your dose of the other anti-diabetic medicine or insulin when you take either of them together with Vipidia in order to avoid low blood sugar

• – if you have or have had a disease of the pancreas

Children and adolescents

Vipidia is not recommended for children and adolescents under 18 years due to the lack of data in these patients.

Other medicines and Vipidia

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding

If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.

There is no experience of using Vipidia in pregnant women or during breast-feeding. Vipidia should not be used during pregnancy or breast-feeding. Your doctor will help you to decide whether to continue breast-feeding or to continue using Vipidia.

Driving and using machines

Vipidia is not known to affect your ability to drive and use machines. Taking Vipidia in combination with other anti-diabetic medicines called sulphonylureas, insulin or combination therapy with thiazolidinedione plus metformin can cause too low blood sugar levels (hypoglycaemia), which may affect your ability to drive and use machines.

3. how to take vipidia

Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

Your doctor will prescribe Vipidia together with one or more other medicines to control your blood sugar levels. Your doctor will tell you if you need to change the amount of other medicines you take.

The recommended dose of Vipidia is 25 mg once a day.

Patients with kidney disease

If you have kidney disease your doctor may prescribe you a reduced dose. This may be 12.5 mg or 6.25 mg once a day, depending on the severity of your kidney disease.

Patients with liver disease

If you have mildly or moderately reduced liver function, the recommended dose of Vipidia is 25 mg once a day. This medicine is not recommended for patients with severely reduced liver function due to the lack of data in these patients.

Swallow your tablet(s) whole with water. You can take this medicine with or without food.

If you take more Vipidia than you should

If you take more tablets than you should, or if someone else or a child takes your medicine, contact or go to your nearest emergency centre straight away. Take this leaflet or some tablets with you so that your doctor knows exactly what you have taken.

If you forget to take Vipidia

If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember it. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.

If you stop taking Vipidia

Do not stop taking Vipidia without consulting your doctor first. Your blood sugar levels may increase when you stop taking Vipidia.

If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

4. possible side effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

STOP taking Vipidia and contact a doctor immediately if you notice any of the following serious side effects:

Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data):

• - An allergic reaction. The symptoms may include: a rash, hives, swallowing or breathing problems, swelling of your lips, face, throat or tongue and feeling faint.

• - A severe allergic reaction : skin lesions or spots on your skin that can progress to a sore

surrounded by pale or red rings, blistering and/or peeling of the skin possibly with symptoms such as itching, fever, overall ill feeling, achy joints, vision problems, burning, painful or itchy eyes and mouth sores (Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Erythema multiforme).

• - Severe and persistent pain in the abdomen (stomach area) which might reach through to your

back, as well as nausea and vomiting, as it could be a sign of an inflamed pancreas (pancreatitis).

You should also discuss with your doctor if you experience the following side effects:

Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):

• - Symptoms of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) may occur when Vipidia is taken in combination with insulin or sulphonylureas (e.g. glipizide, tolbutamide, glibenclamide). Symptoms may include : trembling, sweating, anxiety, blurred vision, tingling lips, paleness, mood change or feeling confused. Your blood sugar could fall below the normal level, but can be increased again by taking sugar. It is recommended that you carry some sugar lumps, sweets, biscuits or sugary fruit juice.

• – Cold like symptoms such as sore throat, stuffy or blocked nose,

• – Rash

• – Itchy skin

• – Headache

• – Stomach ache

• – Diarrhoea

• – Indigestion, heartburn

Not known :

• – Liver problems such as nausea or vomiting, stomach pain, unusual or unexplained tiredness, loss of appetite, dark urine or yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes.

Reporting of side effects

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the national reporting system listed in By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

5. how to store vipidia

Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and blister after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.

This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.

Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.

6. contents of the pack and other information

What Vipidia contains

• – The active substance is alogliptin.

Each 25 mg tablet contains alogliptin benzoate equivalent to 25 mg alogliptin,

• – The other ingredients are: mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl­cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, titanium dioxide (E171), red iron oxide (E172), macrogol 8000, shellac and black iron oxide (E172).

Each 12.5 mg tablet contains alogliptin benzoate equivalent to 12.5 mg alogliptin

• – The other ingredients are: mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl­cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, titanium dioxide (E171), yellow iron oxide (E172), macrogol 8000, shellac and black iron oxide (E172).

Each 6.25 mg tablet contains alogliptin benzoate equivalent to 6.25 mg alogliptin

• – The other ingredients are: mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl­cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, titanium dioxide (E171), red iron oxide (E172), macrogol 8000, shellac and black iron oxide (E172).

What Vipidia looks like and contents of the pack

• – Vipidia 25 mg film-coated tablets (tablets) are light red, oval (approximately 9.1 mm long by