Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - Omeprazole 20 mg capsules
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Omeprazole 20 mg Capsules
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each capsule contains omeprazole 20 mg.
For excipients, see 6.1
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Capsule, hard containing gastro-resistant granules
Each capsule consists of an orange body and blue cap and contains white to beige granules marked with O20.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
- 1. Treatment of reflux oesophagitis disease. In reflux oesophagitis the majority of patients are healed after 4 weeks. Symptom relief is rapid.
- 2. Treatment of duodenal and benign gastric ulcers including complicating NSAID therapy.
- 3. Relief of reflux-like symptoms (e.g. heartburn) and/or ulcer-like symptoms (e.g. epigastric pain) associated with acid-related dyspepsia.
- 4. Treatment and prophylaxis of NSAID-associated benign gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers and gastroduodenal erosions in patients with a previous history of gastroduodenal lesions who require continued NSAID treatment.
- 5. Relief of associated dyspeptic symptoms.
- 6. Helicobacter pylori eradication: When used with in combination with antibiotics, Omeprazole proves effective in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in peptic ulcer disease.
- 7. Prophylaxis of acid aspiration.
- 8. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Oesophageal reflux disease including reflux oesophagitis:
The usual starting dose is 20 mg omeprazole taken once a day for 4 weeks. For those patients not fully healed after the initial 4 week course, healing usually occurs during a further 4-8 weeks treatment.
Omeprazole has also been used in a dose of 40mg once a day in patients with reflux oesophagitis refractory to other therapy. Healing usually occurred within 8 weeks. Continuation of therapy can be considered at a dosage of 20 mg once daily.
Acid reflux disease:
For long-term management, a dose of 10 mg once daily is recommended, increasing to 20 mg if symptoms return.
Duodenal and benign gastric ulcers:
The usual dose is 20 mg omeprazole once daily. With duodenal ulcers, the majority of patients usually are healed after 4 weeks of treatment. The majority of patients with benign gastric ulcer are healed after 8 weeks. In severe or recurrent cases the dose may be increased to 40 mg omeprazole daily. For patients with a history of recurrent duodenal ulcer, long term therapy is recommended at a dosage of 20 mg omeprazole once daily.
To prevent recurrence, in patients with duodenal ulcer, the recommended dose is omeprazole 10 mg, once daily, increasing to 20 mg, once daily if symptoms return.
The following groups of patients are at risk from recurrent ulcer relapse: those with Helicobacter pylori infection, younger patients (<60 years), those whose symptoms persist for more than one year and smokers. These patients will require initial long-term therapy with omeprazole 20 mg once daily, reducing to 10 mg once daily, if necessary.
Acid-related dyspepsia:
Usual dosage is 10 mg or 20 mg omeprazole once daily for 2 – 4 weeks depending on the severity and persistence of symptoms.
If the patient does not respond to treatment after 4 weeks or who relapse shortly after treatment, then the patient should be investigated.
For the treatment of NSAID-associated gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers or gastroduodenal erosions:
The recommended dosage of omeprazole is 20 mg once daily. Symptom resolution is rapid and in most patients healing occurs within 4 weeks. For those patients who may not be fully healed after the initial course, healing usually occurs during a further 4 weeks treatment.
For the prophylaxis of NSAID-associated gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, gastroduodenal erosions and dyspeptic symptoms in patients with a previous history of gastroduodenal lesions who require continued NSAID treatment:
The recommended dosage is 20 mg omeprazole taken once a day.
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication regimens in peptic ulcer disease:
Omeprazole is recommended at a dose of 40 mg once daily or 20 mg twice daily concomitant with antimicrobial agents as detailed below:
Triple therapy regimens in duodenal ulcer disease:
Omeprazole and the following antimicrobial combinations;
Amoxicillin 500 mg and metronidazole 400 mg both three times a day for one week.
or
Clarithromycin 250 mg and metronidazole 400 mg (or tinidazole 500 mg) both twice a day for one week.
or
Amoxicillin 1 g and clarithromycin 500 mg both twice a day for one week.
Dual therapy regimens in duodenal ulcer disease
Omeprazole and amoxicillin 750 mg to 1 g twice daily for two weeks. Alternatively, omeprazole and clarithromycin 500 mg three times a day for two weeks.
Dual therapy regimens in gastric ulcer disease:
Omeprazole and amoxicillin 750 mg to 1 g twice daily for two weeks.
In each regimen if symptoms return and the patient tests positive for Hp, therapy may be repeated or one of the alternative regimens can be used; if the patient is Hp negative then see dosage instructions for acid reflux disease.
To ensure healing in patients with active peptic ulcer disease, see further dosage recommendations for duodenal and benign gastric ulcer.
Prophylaxis of acid aspiration:
For patients considered to be at risk of aspiration of the gastric contents during general anaesthesia, the recommended dosage is omeprazole 40 mg on the evening before surgery followed by a further 40 mg 2 – 6 hours prior to surgery.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome:
The initial starting dose is omeprazole 60 mg once a day. The dosage should be adjusted individually and treatment continued as long as clinically indicated. More than 90% of patients with severe disease and inadequate response to other therapies have been effectively controlled on doses of 20 – 120 mg daily. With doses above 80 mg daily, the dose should be divided and given twice daily.
Elderly:
Dose adjustment is not required in the elderly.
Children:
There is limited experience of the use of Omeprazole in children. In children over 2 years who present with severe ulcerating reflux oesophagitis, Omeprazole Capsules are recommended for symptomatic relief within the dose range of 0.7 – 1.4 mg/kg daily, to a maximum of 40 mg/day, for 4 – 12 weeks. Data suggest that approximately 65% of children will experience pain relief with this dose regimen.
Treatment should be initiated by a hospital based paediatrician.
For children aged 2 – 6 years, the capsule may be opened, see section: “Patients with Swallowing Difficulties.”
Impaired renal function:
Dose adjustment is not required in patients with impaired renal function.
Impaired hepatic function:
As bioavailability and half-life can increase in patients with impaired hepatic function, the dose requires adjustment with a maximum daily dose of 20 mg.
Patients with swallowing difficulties:
The capsules may be opened and the contents either swallowed alone or suspended in a small amount of fruit juice or yoghurt after gentle mixing. The dispersion should be taken immediately or within 30 minutes. Actual capsules may be sucked and then swallowed. It is important that the contents of the capsules should not be crushed or chewed.
4.3 Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to omeprazole, substituted benzimidazoles or to any of the other constituents of the formulation listed in section 6.1.
Omeprazole, like other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), must not be used concomitantly with nelfinavir (see section 4.5). When gastric ulcer is suspected, the possibility of malignancy should be excluded before treatment with Omeprazole 20 mg Capsules is commenced, as treatment may alleviate symptoms and delay diagnosis.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
In the presence of any alarm symptom (e.g. significant unintentional weight loss, recurrent vomiting, dysphagia, haematemesis or melena) and when gastric ulcer is suspected or present, malignancy should be excluded, as treatment may alleviate symptoms and delay diagnosis.
Decreased gastric acidity due to any means, including proton-pump inhibitors, increases gastric counts of bacteria normally present in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with acid-reducing drugs may lead to a slightly increased risk of gastrointestinal infections, such as Salmonella and Campylobacter and, in hospitalised patients, possibly also Clostridioides difficile.
Co-administration of atazanavir with proton pump inhibitors is not recommended (see section 4.5). If the combination of atazanavir with a proton pump inhibitor is judged unavoidable, close clinical monitoring (e.g. virus load) is recommended in combination with an increase in the dose of atazanavir to 400 mg with 100 mg of ritonavir; omeprazole20 mg should not be exceeded.
Omeprazole is a CYP2C19 inhibitor. When starting or ending treatment with omeprazole, the potential for interactions with drugs metabolised through CYP2C19 should be considered. An interaction is observed between clopidogrel and omeprazole. The clinical relevance of this interaction is uncertain. As a precaution, concomitant use of omeprazole and clopidogrel should be discouraged.
This product contains sucrose and therefore patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrose- isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine.
Proton pump inhibitors, especially if used in high doses and over long durations (>1 year), may modestly increase the risk of hip, wrist and spine fracture, predominantly in the elderly or in presence of other recognised risk factors.
Observational studies suggest that proton pump inhibitors may increase the overall risk of fracture by 10–40%. Some of this increase may be due to other risk factors. Patients at risk of osteoporosis should receive care according to current clinical guidelines and they should have an adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium.
Hypomagnesaemia
Severe hypomagnesaemia has been reported in patients treated with PPIs like omeprazole for at least three months, and in most cases for a year. Serious manifestations of hypomagnesaemia such as fatigue, tetany, delirium, convulsions, dizziness and ventricular arrhythmia can occur but they may begin insidiously and be overlooked. In most affected patients, hypomagnesaemia improved after magnesium replacement and discontinuation of the PPI.
For patients expected to be on prolonged treatment or who take PPIs with digoxin or drugs that may cause hypomagnesaemia (e.g., diuretics), health care professionals should consider measuring magnesium levels before starting PPI treatment and periodically during treatment.
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), which can be life-threatening or fatal, have been reported very rarely and rarely, respectively in association with omeprazole treatment.
Omeprazole, as all acid-blocking medicines, may reduce the absorption of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) due to hypo- or achlorhydria. This should be considered in patients with reduced body stores or risk factors for reduced vitamin B12 absorption on long-term therapy.
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE)
Proton pump inhibitors are associated with very infrequent cases of SCLE. If lesions occur, especially in sun-exposed areas of the skin, and if accompanied by arthralgia, the patient should seek medical help promptly and the health care professional should consider stopping (Omeprazole 20 mg). SCLE after previous treatment with a proton pump inhibitor may increase the risk of SCLE with other proton pump inhibitors.
Renal impairment
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) has been observed in patients taking omeprazole and may occur at any point during omeprazole therapy (see section 4.8). Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis can progress to renal failure.
Omeprazole should be discontinued in case of suspected TIN, and appropriate treatment should be promptly initiated.
Interference with laboratory tests
Increased Chromogranin A (CgA) level may interfere with investigations for neuroendocrine tumours. To avoid this interference, omeprazole treatment should be stopped for at least 5 days before CgA measurements (see section 5.1). If CgA and gastrin levels have not returned to reference range after initial measurement, measurements should be repeated 14 days after cessation of proton pump inhibitor treatment.
Some children with chronic illnesses may require long-term treatment although it is not recommended.
As in all long-term treatments, especially when exceeding a treatment period of 1 year, patients should be kept under regular surveillance.
Omeprazole capsules contain less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per capsule, that is to say essentially 'sodium-free'.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Due to the decreased intragastric acidity the absorption of ketoconazole or itraconazole may be reduced during omeprazole treatment as it is during treatment with other acid secretion inhibitors.
Nelfinavir, atazanavir
The plasma levels of nelfinavir and atazanavir are decreased in case of co-administration with omeprazole.
Concomitant administration of omeprazole with nelfinavir is contraindicated (see section 4.3). Co-administration of omeprazole (40 mg once daily) reduced mean nelfinavir exposure by ca. 40% and the mean exposure of the pharmacologically active metabolite M8 was reduced by ca. 75 – 90%. The interaction may also involve CYP2C19inhibition.
Concomitant administration of omeprazole with atazanavir is not recommended (see section 4.4). Concomitant administration of omeprazole (40 mg once daily) and atazanavir 300 mg/ritonavir 100 mg to healthy volunteers resulted in a 75% decrease of the atazanavir exposure. Increasing the atazanavir dose to 400 mg did not compensate for the impact of omeprazole on atazanavir exposure. The co-administration of omeprazole (20 mg once daily) with atazanavir 400 mg/ritonavir 100 mg to healthy volunteers resulted in a decrease of approximately 30% in the atazanavir exposure as compared to atazanavir 300 mg/ritonavir 100 mg once daily.
As omeprazole is metabolised in the liver through cytochrome P450, it can prolong the elimination of diazepam, phenytoin and warfarin. Monitoring of patients receiving warfarin or phenytoin is recommended and a reduction of warfarin or phenytoin dose may be required. However, concomitant treatment with Omeprazole 20 mg once daily did not change the blood concentration of phenytoin in patients on continuous treatment with phenytoin. Similarly, concomitant treatment with Omeprazole 20 mg daily did not change coagulation time in patients on continuous treatment with warfarin
Clopidogrel
Results from studies in healthy subjects have shown a pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) interaction between clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose/75 mg daily maintenance dose) and omeprazole (80 mg p.o. daily) resulting in a decreased exposure to the active metabolite of clopidogrel by an average of 46% and a decreased maximum inhibition of (ADP induced) platelet aggregation by an average of 16%.
Inconsistent data on the clinical implications of a PK/PD interaction of omeprazole in terms of major cardiovascular events have been reported from both observational and clinical studies. As a precaution, concomitant use of omeprazole and clopidogrel should be discouraged.
Other active substances
The absorption of posaconazole, erlotinib, ketoconazole and itraconazole is significantly reduced and thus clinical efficacy may be impaired. For posaconazole and erlotinib concomitant use should be avoided.
Active substances metabolised by CYP2C19
Omeprazole is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C19, the major omeprazole metabolising enzyme. Thus, the metabolism of concomitant active substances also metabolised by CYP2C19, may be decreased and the systemic exposure to these substances increased. Examples of such drugs are R-warfarin and other vitamin K antagonists, cilostazol, diazepam and phenytoin.
Cilostazol
Omeprazole, given in doses of 40 mg to healthy subjects in a cross-over study, increased Cmax and AUC for cilostazol by 18% and 26% respectively, and one of its active metabolites by 29% and 69% respectively.
Phenytoin
Monitoring phenytoin plasma concentration is recommended during the first two weeks after initiating omeprazole treatment and, if a phenytoin dose adjustment is made, monitoring and a further dose adjustment should occur upon ending omeprazole treatment.
Unknown mechanism
Saquinavir
Concomitant administration of omeprazole with saquinavir/ritonavir resulted in increased plasma levels up to approximately 70% for saquinavir associated with good tolerability in HIV-infected patients.
Tacrolimus
Concomitant administration of omeprazole has been reported to increase the serum levels of tacrolimus. A reinforced monitoring of tacrolimus concentrations as well as renal function (creatinine clearance) should be performed, and dosage of tacrolimus adjusted if needed.
Methotrexate
When given together with proton-pump inhibitors, methotrexate levels have been reported to increase in some patients. In high-dose methotrexate administration a temporary withdrawal of omeprazole may need to be considered.
Effects of other active substances on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole
Inhibitors of CYP2C19 and/or CYP3A4
Since omeprazole is metabolised by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, active substances known to inhibit CYP2C19 or CYP3A4(such as clarithromycin and voriconazole) may lead to increased omeprazole serum levels by decreasing omeprazole's rate of metabolism. Concomitant voriconazole treatment resulted in more than doubling of the omeprazole exposure. As high doses of omeprazole have been well-tolerated adjustment of the omeprazole dose is not generally required. However, dose adjustment should be considered in patients with severe hepatic impairment and if long-term treatment is indicated.
Inducers of CYP2C19 and/or CYP3A4
Active substances known to induce CYP2C19 or CYP3A4 or both (such as rifampicin and St John's wort) may lead to decreased omeprazole serum levels by increasing omeprazole's rate of metabolism.
Plasma concentrations of omeprazole and clarithromycin are increased during concomitant administration. This is considered to be a useful interaction during H. pylori eradication. There is no interaction with metronidazole or amoxicillin. These antimicrobials are used concomitantly with omeprazole for the eradication of H. pylori.
There is no evidence of an interaction with phenacetin, theophylline, caffeine, propranolol, metoprolol, ciclosporin, lidocaine, quinidine, estradiol, or antacids. The absorption of Omeprazole 20 mg Capsules is not affected by alcohol or food. There is no evidence of an interaction with piroxicam, diclofenac or naproxen. This is considered useful when patients are required to continue these treatments.
Digoxin
Simultaneous treatment with omeprazole and digoxin in healthy subjects lead to a 10% increase in the bioavailability of digoxin as a consequence of the increased intragastric pH. However, caution should be exercised when omeprazole is given at high doses in elderly patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin should be then be reinforced
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Results from three epidemiological studies have revealed no evidence of adverse events of omeprazole on pregnancy or on the health of the foetus/ newborn child. Omeprazole 20 mg can be used during pregnancy.
Breast-feeding
Omeprazole is excreted into breast milk but is unlikely to influence the child when used in therapeutic doses.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Omeprazole has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. However, adverse drug reactions such as dizziness and visual disturbances may occur (see section 4.8). If affected, patients should not drive or operate machinery
4.8 Undesirable effects
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) have been reported in association with omeprazole treatment (see section 4.4).
Omeprazole 20 mg Capsules are well tolerated and adverse reactions have generally been mild and reversible. The following have been reported as adverse events in clinical trials or reported from routine use but in many cases a relationship to treatment with omeprazole has not been established. Adverse reactions listed below are classified according to frequency and System Organ Class.
| System Organ Class | Common (≥1/100 to <1/10) | Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100) | Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000) | Very Rare <1/10000 | Not Known (cannot be estimated from the available data) |
Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Leukopenia, thrombocytop enia | Agranulocyto sis, Pancytopenia | |||
| Nervous system disorders | Headache | Dizziness, paraesthesia, light headedness, feeling faint, somnolence | Taste Disturbance | ||
| Psychiatric Disorders | Insomnia | Agitation, confusion, depression | Aggression, hallucinations | ||
| Eye Disorders | Blurred Vision | ||||
| Ear and Labyrinth disorders | Vertigo | ||||
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Bronchospas m | ||||
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | Diarrhoea, constipatio n, abdominal pain, nausea/ vomiting, fundic gland polyps (benign) and flatulence | Dry Mouth, stomatitis and gastrointestina l candidiasis | Microsco pic Colitis | ||
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Increased liver enzymes | Hepatitis with or without jaundice, | Hepatic failure, encephalopat hy in patients with pre- existing liver disease |
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Dermatitis, Rash and/or pruritus Urticaria | Photosensitivi ty, bullous eruption, alopecia, acute generalized exanthematou s pustulosis (AGEP), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) | Erythema multiforme, Stevens- Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) | Subacute cutaneous lupus erythemat osus (see section 4.4) | |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Fracture of the hip, wrist or spine (see section 4.4) | Arthralgia, Myalgia | Muscular weakness | ||
| Renal and Urinary Disorders | Tubulointersti tial nephritis (with possible progression to renal failure) | ||||
Reproductive system and breast disorders: | Gynaecomast ia | ||||
| Immune system disorders | Hypersensitivi ty reactions e.g. angioedema, fever and anaphylactic reaction/shock | ||||
Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Hyponatraemi a | Hypomag nesaemia; severe hypomag nesaemia may result in hypocalca emia. Hypomag nesaemia may also be associated with hypokalae mia |
General disorders and administration site conditions | Malaise, peripheral oedema | Increased sweating |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects, you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.
4.9 Overdose
Rare reports have been received of overdosage with omeprazole. Doses of up to 560 mg have been described and occasional reports have been received when single oral doses have been reached up to 2400 mg, which is 120 times the recommended clinical dose. Overdosage of omeprazole is reported to be associated with nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and headache. Single cases of apathy, depression and confusion have been described.
The symptoms described in connection with omeprazole overdosage have been transient and no serious outcome has been reported. The rate of elimination was unchanged (first order kinetics) with increased doses and no specific treatment is needed.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
ATC code: A02B C01 - Drugs for peptic ulcers and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - Proton Pump inhibitors.
Omeprazole reduces gastric acid secretion through a unique mechanism of action. It is a specific inhibitor of the gastric proton pump in the parietal cell. It is rapidly acting and produces reversible inhibition of gastric acid secretion with once daily dosing.
An oral dose of 20 mg once a day produces a rapid and effective inhibition of gastric acid secretion with maximum effect being achieved within 4 days of treatment. In duodenal ulcer patients, a mean decrease of approximately 80% in 24-hour intragastric acidity is then maintained, with the mean decrease in peak acid output after pentagastrin stimulation being about 70%, twenty-four hours after dosing with Omeprazole 20 mg Capsules.
Clinical data for omeprazole in the prophylaxis of NSAID induced gastroduodenal lesions are derived from clinical studies of up to 6 months duration.
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is associated with acid peptic disease including duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer in which about 95% and 80% of patients respectively are infected with this bacterium. Hp is implicated as a major contributing factor in the development of gastritis and ulcers in such patients. Recent evidence also suggests a causative link between Hp and gastric carcinoma.
Omeprazole has been shown to have a bactericidal effect on Hp in vitro.
Eradication of Hp with omeprazole and antimicrobials is associated with rapid symptom relief, high rates of healing of any mucosal lesions, and long-term remission of peptic ulcer disease thus reducing complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding as well as the need for prolonged anti-secretory treatment.
In recent clinical data in patients with acute peptic ulcer omeprazole Hp eradication therapy improved patients' quality of life.
During long-term treatment an increased frequency of gastric glandular cysts has been reported. These changes are a physiological consequence of pronounced inhibition of acid secretion. The cysts are benign and appear to be reversible. No other treatment related mucosal changes have been observed in patients treated continuously with omeprazole for periods up to 5 years.
Site and mechanism of action
Omeprazole is a weak base and is concentrated and converted to the active form in the acid environment of the intracellular canaliculi within the parietal cell, where it inhibits the enzyme H+, K+-ATPase - the proton pump. This effect on the final step of the gastric acid formation process is dose-dependent and provides for effective inhibition of both basal acid secretion and stimulated acid secretion irrespective of the stimulus.
All pharmacodynamic effects observed are explained by the effect of omeprazole on acid secretion.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption and distribution
Omeprazole is acid labile and is administered orally as enteric-coated granules in capsules. Absorption takes place in the small intestine and is usually completed within 3 – 6 hours. The systemic bioavailability of omeprazole from a single oral dose is approximately 35%. After repeated once-daily administration, the bioavailability increases to about 60%. Concomitant intake of food has no influence on the bioavailability. The plasma protein binding of omeprazole is about 95%.
Elimination and metabolism
The average half-life of the terminal phase of the plasma concentration-time curve is approximately 40 minutes. There is no change in half-life during treatment. The inhibition of acid secretion is related to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) but not to the actual plasma concentration at a given time.
Omeprazole is entirely metabolised, mainly in the liver. Identified metabolites in plasma are the sulfone, the sulfide and hydroxy-omeprazole, these metabolites have no significant effect on acid secretion. About 80% of the metabolites are excreted in the urine and the rest in the faeces. The two main urinary metabolites are hydroxy-omeprazole and the corresponding carboxylic acid.
The systemic bioavailability of omeprazole is not significantly altered in patients with reduced renal function. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve is increased in patients with impaired liver function, but no tendency to accumulation of omeprazole has been found.
Children
Available data from children (1 year and older) suggest that the pharmacokinetics within the recommended doses are similar to those reported in adults. At steady state, lower plasma levels of omeprazole were seen in some children.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Animal toxicity:
Gastric ECL-cell hyperplasia and carcinoids, have been observed in life-long studies in rats treated with omeprazole or subjected to partial fundectomy. These changes are the result of sustained hypergastrinaemia secondary to acid inhibition, and not from a direct effect of any individual drug.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Sugar spheres
Sodium starch glycolate
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Povidone
Trisodium phosphate
Sodium hydroxide
Hypromellose
Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate (1:1) Triethyl citrate
Titanium dioxide
Talc
Ammonia solution
Purified water
Capsule
Gelatin
Titanium dioxide (E171)
Quinoline yellow (E104)
Indigo carmine – FD&C Blue No.2 (E132) Erythrosine – FD&C Red No.3 (E127) Water
Printing Ink
Shellac
Dehydrated Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol
N-Butyl Alcohol
Propylene Glycol
Sodium Hydroxide
Povidone
Titanium Dioxide
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3 Shelf life
2 years
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 30ºC. Store in the original package. Keep the bottle tightly closed.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
HDPE bottle and polypropylene cap with integral silica gel dessicant
Alu/PVC/PVDC and Polyamide/Alu/PVC blisters
Each pack contains 28 capsules
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No special instructions.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Mobius Healthcare Limited,
Unit 7, Bourne End Mills,
Upper Bourne End Lane,
Hemel Hempstead, HP1 2UJ,
United Kingdom
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 54022/0008
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE
AUTHORISATION
10/03/2025
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
23/07/2026
