LEMSIP MAX FLU LEMON - summary of medicine characteristics

Summary of medicine characteristics - LEMSIP MAX FLU LEMON

2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Active ingredients mg/Sachet Specification

Paracetamol 1000.00 Ph Eur

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride* 60.00 Ph Eur

*Equivalent to pseudoephedrine (base) 49.1 mg.

Excipient(s) with known effect:

Lactose

Aspartame

Sodium

Sucrose

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Oral powder.

4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 Therapeutic indications

For relief of the symptoms of heavy colds and influenza, including the relief of aches and pains, headache and sore throat, nasal congestion or a runny nose, pain and congestion of sinusitis, and lowering of temperature.

4.2 Posology and method of administration

Patients should consult a doctor or pharmacist if symptoms persist for more than 3 days, or worsen.

Posology

Adults, the elderly and children aged 16 years and over: Content of one sachet dissolved by stirring in hot water and sweetened to taste.

Dose may be repeated every 4–6 hours as required.

Do not take more than 4 sachets in 24 hours.

Do not give to children under 16 years of age.

Elderly Population: No dosage adjustment is considered necessary in the elderly.

Method of Administration

Oral administration after dissolution in water.

4.3 Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to paracetamol, pseudoephedrine or any of the excipients listed in section 6.1

Severe coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disorders

Severe hypertension

Patients currently receiving or within two weeks of stopping therapy with monoamine oxidase inhibitors

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use

Use with caution in patients with hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hyperexcitability, phaeochromocytoma, prostatic enlargement or close angle glaucoma. Each sachet contains approximately 2.1 g of carbohydrate. Care is advised in the administration of paracetamol to patients with severe renal or severe hepatic impairment. The hazard of overdose is greater in those with noncirrhotic alcoholic liver disease. Patients should be advised not to take other paracetamol-containing products concurrently.

Label warnings: Warning – Do not exceed the stated dose (panel). Keep out of the reach of children. Contains paracetamol (panel). If symptoms persist, consult your doctor. If you are pregnant or are being prescribed medicine by your doctor, seek his advice before taking this product. Total sugars 2.1 g. Contains aspartame. Do not take with any other paracetamol-containing products. Immediate medical advice should be sought in the event of an overdose, even if you feel well.

Leaflet: Immediate medical advice should be sought in the event of an overdose, even if you feel well, because of the risk of delayed, serious liver damage.

Ischaemic colitis

Some cases of ischaemic colitis have been reported with pseudoephedrine. Pseudoephedrine should be discontinued, and medical advice sought if sudden abdominal pain, rectal bleeding or other symptoms of ischaemic colitis develop.

Ischaemic optic neuropathy

Cases of ischaemic optic neuropathy have been reported with pseudoephedrine. Pseudoephedrine should be discontinued if sudden loss of vision or decreased visual acuity such as scotoma occurs.

This medicine contains 62.5mg aspartame in each sachet. Aspartame is hydrolysed in the gastrointestinal tract when orally ingested. One of the major hydrolysis products is phenylalanine. Neither non-clinical or clinical data are available to assess aspartame use in infants below 12 weeks of age.

This medicinal product contains 121.9 mg sodium per dose, equivalent to 6.1 % of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake for sodium.

The maximum daily dose of this product is equivalent to 24.4 % of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake for sodium.

Lemsip Max Flu Lemon is considered high in sodium. This should be particularly taken into account for those on a low salt diet.”

This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine

This product contains sucrose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine.

4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Pseudoephedrine: Pseudoephedrine may adversely interact with antihypertensive agents or tricyclic antidepressants or other sympathomimetic agents, such as decongestants, appetite suppressants and amphetamine-like psychostimulants, to cause a rise in blood pressure. Pseudoephedrine may partially reverse the hypotensive action of drugs which interfere with sympathetic activity, such as bethanidine or methyldopa.

Paracetamol: Drugs which induce hepatic microsomal enzymes, such as alcohol, barbiturates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, may increase the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, particularly after overdosage.

The speed of absorption of paracetamol may be increased by metoclopramide or domperidone and absorption reduced by cholestyramine. The anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins may be enhanced by prolonged regular daily use of paracetamol with increased risk of bleeding; occasional doses have no significant effect.

4.6 Pregnancy and lactation

Paracetamol

Epidemiological studies in human pregnancy have shown no ill-effects due to paracetamol used in the recommended dosage, but patients should follow the advice of their doctor regarding its use. Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk, but not in a clinically significant amount. Available published data do not contraindicate breast feeding.

Pseudoephedrine

Defective closure of the abdominal wall (gastroschisis) reported very rarely in newborns after first trimester exposure. The product should not be used in pregnancy unless considered essential by the physician. Pseudoephedrine is excreted in breast milk in small amounts, but the effect of this on breast-fed infants is not known. It has been estimated that 0.5–0.7% of a single dose of pseudoephedrine ingested by a mother will be excreted in the breast milk over 24 hours.

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines None known.

4.8 Undesirable effects

Paracetamol

Adverse effects of paracetamol are rare, but hypersensitivity including skin rash may occur. There have been a few reports of blood dyscrasias including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia and agranulocytosis, but these were not necessarily causally related to paracetamol.

Acute pancreatitis after ingestion of above normal amounts.

Pseudoephedrine

Adverse reactions due to pseudoephedrine are uncommon, but dry mouth, anorexia, urinary retention in men, skin rashes and symptoms of CNS excitation such as tension, restlessness, sleep disturbance or hallucinations may rarely occur.

Adverse reactions of Ischaemic colitis may occur with frequency unknown.

Adverse reactions of Ischaemic optic neuropathy may occur with frequency unknown.

Reporting of Suspected Adverse Reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: http:www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

4.9 Overdose

Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10 g or more of paracetamol. Ingestion of 5 g of more of paracetamol may lead to liver damage if the patient has risk factors (see below).

Risk factors

If the patient:

(a) Is on long-term treatment with carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, St John's Wort or other drugs that induce liver enzymes.

(b) Regularly consumes ethanol in excess of recommended amounts.

Symptoms

Symptoms of paracetamol overdosage in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur. In severe poisoning, hepatic failure may progress to encephalopathy, haemorrhage, hypoglycaemia, cerebral oedema and death. Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, strongly suggested by loin pain, haematuria and proteinuria, may develop even in the absence of severe liver damage. Cardiac arrhythmias and pancreatitis have been reported.

Management

Immediate treatment is essential in the management of paracetamol overdose. Despite a lack of significant early symptoms, patients should be referred to hospital urgently for immediate medical attention. Symptoms may be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines. See BNF overdose section.

Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if the overdose has been taken within 1 hour. Plasma paracetamol concentration should be measured at 4 hours or later after ingestion (earlier concentrations are unreliable). Treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be used up to 24 hours after ingestion of paracetamol, however, the maximum protective effect is obtained up to 8 hours post-ingestion. The effectiveness of the antidote declines sharply after this time. If required the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine, in line with the established dosage schedule. If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas, outside hospital. Management of patients who present with serious hepatic dysfunction beyond 24 hours from ingestion should be discussed with the NPIS or a liver unit.

Caffeine: Symptoms – emesis and convulsions may occur. No specific antidote. However, treatment is usually fluid therapy. Fatal poisoning is rare. If symptoms become apparent or overdose is suspected, consult a doctor immediately.

Phenylephrine hydrochloride: Features of severe overdosage of phenylephrine include haemodynamic changes and cardiovascular collapse with respiratory depression. Treatment includes early gastric lavage and symptomatic and supportive measures. Hypertensive effects may be treated with an i.v. alpha-receptor blocking agent.

5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Paracetamol: Paracetamol has both analgesic and antipyretic activity which is believed to be mediated principally through its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis within the central nervous system.

Pseudoephedrine: Pseudoephedrine is an adrenergic agonist acting at both alpha- and betaadrenoreceptors. It is reported to have less tachycardia and pressor activity and central nervous system effects that ephedrine. It is a recognised decongestant and acts by vasoconstriction to reduce oedema and nasal swelling.

The active ingredients are not known to cause sedation.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

Paracetamol: Paracetamol is absorbed rapidly and completely mainly from the small intestine producing peak plasma levels after 15–20 minutes following oral dosing. The systemic availability is subject to first-pass metabolism and varies with dose between 70% and 90%. The drug is rapidly and widely distributed throughout the body and is eliminated from plasma with a T/2 of approximately 2 hours. The major metabolites are glucuronide and sulphate conjugates (>80%) which are excreted in urine.

Pseudoephedrine: Pseudoephedrine is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration, up to about 90% of a dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours of dosing. The half life is between 5 and 8 hours but may be increased when the urine is alkaline and reduced when it is acid. Onset of nasal decongestant action occurs approximately 30 minutes after an oral dose of 60 mg and continues for at least 4 hours.

5.3 Preclinical safety data

No preclinical findings of relevance have been reported.

6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1 List of excipients

Caster sugar, pulverised sucrose, citric acid, lemon flavour, saccharin sodium, aspartame, sodium citrate, ascorbic acid granular and curcumin (curcumin (E100), Lactose, Polysorbate 80 (E433) and Silica (E551)).

6.2 Incompatibilities

None known.

6.3 Shelf life

Three years.

6.4 Special precautions for storage Store below 25°C.

6.5 Nature and contents of container

Heat-sealed laminate sachet of Paper, PE, Aluminium foil and Ionomer

Pack sizes: 5, 7, 9 and 10 sachets. Not all pack sizes may be marketed

6.6 Special precautions for disposal