Summary of medicine characteristics - IBUPROFEN 400 MG TABLETS, IBUPROFEN 400 MG COATED TABLETS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Ibuprofen 400 mg Tablets
Ibuprofen 400mg Coated Tablets
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each tablet contains 400 mg Ibuprofen
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Pink biconvex film coated tablets (tablets) marked with “I 400” on one side.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS4.1 Therapeutic indications
For the relief of migraine-headaches, backache, dental pain, neuralgia and period pains as well as rheumatic and muscular pains, and pain of non-serious arthritic conditions.
Ibuprofen relieves pain and reduces inflammation and temperature as well as relieving headaches and other types of pain. It also relieves cold and flu symptoms.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
For oral administration and short-term use only. To be taken preferably with or after food, with plenty of fluid.
The lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest duration necessary to relieve symptoms (see section 4.4). The patient should consult a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen if the product is required for more than 10 days.
The recommended dosage of Ibuprofen is 1200 –1800 mg daily in divided doses. Some patients can be maintained on 600 –1200 mg daily. In severe or acute conditions, it can be advantageous to increase the dosage until the acute phase is brought under control,
provided that the total daily dose does not exceed 2400 mg in divided doses.
The daily dosage of Ibuprofen is 20 mg/kg of body weight in divided doses.
Not to be administered to children weighing less than 7 kg.
In Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, up to 40 mg/kg of body weight daily in divided doses may be taken.
The elderly are at increased risk of serious consequences of adverse reactions. If an NSAID is considered necessary, the lowest effective dose should be used and for the shortest possible duration. The patient should be monitored regularly for GI bleeding during NSAID therapy. If renal or hepatic function is impaired, dosage should be assessed individually.
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
Ibuprofen should not be used in patients who have previously shown hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., asthma, urticarial, angioedema or rhinitis) after taking ibuprofen, aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Ibuprofen is also contraindicated in patients with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation, related to previous NSAID therapy. Ibuprofen should not be used in patients with active, or history of, recurrent peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal haemorrhage (two or more distinct episodes of proven ulceration or bleeding). Ibuprofen should not be given to patients with conditions involving an increased tendency to bleeding.
Ibuprofen should not be given to patients with conditions involving an increased tendancy to bleeding.
Ibuprofen is contraindicated in patients with severe heart failure (NYHA Class IV), hepatic failure and renal failure (see section 4.4).
Ibuprofen is contraindicated during the last trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.6).
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Undesirable effects may be minimised by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms (see section 4.2 and GI and cardiovascular risks below).
As with other NSAIDs, ibuprofen may mask the signs of infection.
The use of Ibuprofen with concomitant NSAIDs, including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, should be avoided due to the increased risk of ulceration or bleeding (see section 4.5).
The diagnosis of medication overuse headache (MOH) should be suspected in patients who have frequent or daily headaches despite (or because of) the regular use of analgesic medication. Patients with medication overuse headache should not be treated by increasing the dose of the analgesic. In such cases the use of analgesics should be
discontinued.
The concomitant consumption of excessive alcohol with NSAIDs, including ibuprofen may increase the risk of adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract, such as GI haemorrhage or the central nervous system, possibly due to an additive effect.
The elderly have an increased frequency of adverse reactions to NSAIDs especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation which may be fatal (see section 4.2).
There is a risk or renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents.
NSAIDs should be given with care to patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) as these conditions may be exacerbated (see section 4.8).
GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation, which can be fatal, has been reported with all NSAIDs at any time during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of serious GI events.
The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with hemorrhage or perforation (see section 4.3), and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available. Combination therapy with protective agents (e.g., misoprostol or proton pump inhibitors) should be considered for these patients, and also for patients requiring concomitant low dose aspirin, or other drugs likely to increase gastrointestinal risk (see below and section 4.5).
Patients with a history of GI disease, particularly when elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially GI bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.
Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of ulceration or bleeding, such as corticosteroids or anticoagulants such as warfarin selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or antiplatelet agents such as aspirin (see section 4.5).
When GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving ibuprofen, the treatment should be withdrawn immediately.
Respiratory disorders and hypersensitivity reactions
Caution is required if Ibuprofen is administered to patients suffering from or with a previous history of, bronchial asthma, chronic rhinitis or allergic diseases since NSAIDs have been reported to precipitate bronchospasm, urticaria or angioedema in such patients.
The administration of an NSAID may cause a dose dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and precipitate renal failure. The habitual concomitant intake of various similar painkillers further increases this risk. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, cardiac impairment, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and the elderly. For these patients, use the lowest effective dose, for the shortest possible duration and monitor renal function especially in long-term
treated patients (see also section 4.3).
Ibuprofen should be given with care to patients with a history of heart failure or hypertension since oedema has been reported in association with ibuprofen administration.
Appropriate monitoring and advice are required for patients with a history of hypertension and/or mild to moderate congestive heart failure as fluid retention and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy.
Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at high doses (2400 mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose ibuprofen (e.g., <1200 mg/day) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.
Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with ibuprofen after careful consideration and high doses (2400 mg/day) should be avoided. Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking), particularly if high doses of Ibuprofen (2400 mg/day) are required.
Caution should be used when initiating treatment with ibuprofen in patients with considerable dehydration. There is a risk of renal impairment especially in dehydrated children, adolescents and the elderly.
As with other NSAIDs, long-term administration of ibuprofen has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal pathologic changes. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of an NSAID may cause a dosedependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may cause renal failure. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors and elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pre-treatment state.
SLE and mixed connective tissue disease
In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disorders there may be an increased risk of aseptic meningitis (see below and section 4.8).
Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs (see section 4.8). Patients appear to be at highest risk of these reactions early in the course of therapy: the onset of the reaction occurring within the first month of treatment in the majority of cases. Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) has been reported in relation to ibuprofen-containing products. Ibuprofen should be discontinued at the first appearance of signs and symptoms of severe skin reactions, such as skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
In exceptional cases, varicella can be at the origin of serious cutaneous and soft tissues infectious complications. To date, the contributing role of NSAIDs in the worsening of these infections cannot be ruled out. Thus, it is advisable to avoid use of Ibuprofen in case of varicella.
Haematological effects
Ibuprofen, like other NSAIDs, can interfere with platelet aggregation and prolong bleeding time in normal subjects.
Aseptic meningitis has been observed on rare occasions in patients on ibuprofen therapy. Although it is probably more likely to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematous and related connective tissue diseases, it has been reported in patients who do not have an underlying chronic disease.
Ibuprofen 400 mg Tablets can mask symptoms of infection, which may lead to delayed initiation of appropriate treatment and thereby worsening the outcome of the infection. This has been observed in bacterial community acquired pneumonia and bacterial complications to varicella. When Ibuprofen 400 mg Tablets is administered for fever or pain relief in relation to infection, monitoring of infection is advised. In non-hospital settings, the patient should consult a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen.
The use of Ibuprofen may impair female fertility and is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. In women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility, withdrawal of Ibuprofen should be considered.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Care should be taken in patients treated with any of the following drugs as interactions have been reported in some patients.
Antihypertensives, beta-blockers and diuretics: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of antihypertensives, such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptors antagonists, betablockers and diuretics. Diuretics can also increase the risk of nephrotoxicity of NSAIDs.
Cardiac glycosides: NSAIDs may exacerbate heart failure, reduce GFR and increase plasma cardiac glycoside levels.
Cholestyramine: The concomitant administration of ibuprofen and cholestyramine may reduce the absorption of ibuprofen in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the clinical significance is unknown.
Lithium: Decreased elimination of lithium.
Methotrexate: NSAIDs may inhibit the tubular secretion of methotrexate and reduce clearance of methotrexate.
Ciclosporin: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Mifepristone: A decrease in the efficacy of the medicinal product can theoretically occur due to the anti-prostaglandin properties of NSAIDs. Limited evidence suggests that co-administration of NSAIDs on the day of prostaglandin administration does not adversely influence the effects of mifepristone or the prostaglandin on cervical ripening or uterine contractility and does not reduce the clinical efficacy of medicinal termination of pregnancy.
Other analgesics and cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors: Avoid concomitant use of two or more NSAIDs, including Cox-2 inhibitors, as this may increase the risk of adverse effects (see section 4.4).
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid): As with other products containing NSAIDs, concomitant administration of ibuprofen and aspirin is not generally recommended because of the potential of increased adverse effects.
Experimental data suggest that ibuprofen may competitively inhibit the effect of low dose aspirin on platelet aggregation when they are dosed concomitantly. Although there are uncertainties regarding extrapolation of these data to the clinical situation, the possibility that regular, long-term use of ibuprofen may reduce the cardio protective effect of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid cannot be excluded. No clinically relevant effect is considered to be likely for occasional use (see section 5.1).
Corticosteroids: Increase risk of gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding with NSAIDs (see section 4.4 Special warnings).
Anticoagulants: NSAIDS may enhance the effects of anticoagulants, such as warfarin (see section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions).
Quinolone antibiotics: Animal data indicate that NSAIDs can increase the risk of convulsions associated with quinolone antibiotics. Patients taking NSAIDs and quinolones may have an increased risk of developing convulsions.
Sulfonylureas: NSAIDs may potentiate the effects of sulfonylurea medications. There have been rare reports of hypoglycaemia in patients on sulfonylurea medications receiving ibuprofen.
Anti-platelet agents and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with NSAIDs (see section 4.4).
Tacrolimus: Possible increased risk of nephrotoxicity when NSAIDs are given with tacrolimus.
Zidovudine: Increased risk of haematological toxicity when NSAIDs are given with zidovudine. There is evidence of an increased risk of haemarthroses and haematoma in HIV (+) haemophiliacs receiving concurrent treatment with zidovudine and ibuprofen.
Aminoglycosides: NSAIDs may decrease the excretion of aminoglycosides.
Herbal extracts: Ginkgo biloba may potentiate the risk of bleeding with NSAIDs.
CYP2C9 Inhibitors: Concomitant administration of ibuprofen with CYP2C9 inhibitors may increase the exposure to ibuprofen (CYP2C9 substrate). In a study with voriconazole and fluconazole (CYP2C9 inhibitors), an increased S (+) ibuprofen exposure by approximately 80 to 100% has been shown. Reduction of the ibuprofen dose should be considered when potent CYP2C9 inhibitors are administered concomitantly, particularly when high-dose ibuprofen is administered with either
voriconazole or fluconazole.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may adversely affect the pregnancy and/or the embryo/foetal development. Data from epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of miscarriage and of cardiac malformation and gastroschisis after use of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor in early pregnancy. The risk is believed to increase with dose and duration of therapy. In animals, administration of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor has been shown to result in increased pre- and post-implantation loss and embryo/foetal lethality. In addition, increased incidences of various malformations, including cardiovascular, have been reported in animals given a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor during the organogenetic period.
During the first and second trimester of pregnancy, ibuprofen should not be given unless clearly necessary. If Ibuprofen is used by a woman attempting to conceive, or during the first and second trimester of pregnancy, the dose should be kept as low and duration of treatment as short as possible.
During the third trimester of pregnancy, all prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors may expose the foetus to:
– Cardiopulmonary toxicity (with premature closure of the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension);
– Renal dysfunction, which may progress to renal failure with oligohydroamniosis;
At the end of pregnancy, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors may expose the mother and the neonate to the following.
– Possible prolongation of bleeding time
– Inhibition of uterine contractions resulting in delayed or prolonged labour.
Consequently, Ibuprofen is contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy.
In limited studies so far available, NSAIDs can appears in breast milk in very low concentrations. NSAIDs should, if possible be avoided when breast-feeding. to affect the breast-fed infant adversely.
See section 4.4 regarding female fertility.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Undesirable effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue and visual disturbances are possible after taking NSAIDs. If affected, patients should not drive or operate machinery.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Gastrointestinal disorders: The most commonly observed adverse events are gastrointestinal in nature. Peptic ulcers, perforation or GI bleeding, sometimes fatal, particularly in the elderly, may occur (see section 4.4). Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, flatulence, constipation, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, melaena, haematemesis, ulcerative stomatitis, gastrointestinal haemorrhage and exacerbation of colitis and Crohn's disease (see section 4.4) have been reported following ibuprofen administration. Less frequently, gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and gastrointestinal perforation have been observed.
Immune system disorders: Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported following treatment with NSAIDs. These may consist of (a) non-specific allergic reaction and anaphylaxis, (b) respiratory tract reactivity comprising asthma, aggravated asthma, bronchospasm or dyspnoea, or © assorted skin disorders, including rashes of various types, pruritus, urticaria, purpura, angioedema and, very rarely, erythema multiforme, bullous dermatoses (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis).
Cardiac disorders and vascular disorders: Oedema, hypertension and cardiac failure have been reported in association with NSAID treatment. Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at high dose (2400 mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction or stroke (see section 4.4).
Infections and infestations: Rhinitis and aseptic meningitis (especially in patients with existing autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease) with symptoms of stiff neck, headache, nausea, vomiting, fever or disorientation (see section 4.4).
Exacerbation of infection-related inflammations coinciding with the use of NSAIDs has been described. If signs of an infection occur or get worse during use of Ibuprofen the patient is therefore recommended to go to a doctor without delay.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: In exceptional cases, severe skin infections and soft-tissue complications may occur during a varicella infection (see also „Infections and infestations“).
The following adverse reactions possibly related to ibuprofen and displayed by MedDRA frequency convention and system organ classification. Frequency groupings are classified according to the subsequent conventions: very common (>1/10), Common (>1/100 to
<1/10), Uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100), Rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000), Very rare (<1/10,000) and Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
| System Organ Class | Frequency | Adverse Event |
| Infection and infestations | Uncommon | Rhinitis |
| Rare | Meningitis aseptic (see section 4.4) | |
| Blood and Lymphatic system disorders | Rare | Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, haemolytic anaemia |
| Immune system disorders | Uncommon | Hypersensitivity |
| Rare | Anaphylactic reaction | |
| Psychiatric disorders | Uncommon | Insomnia, anxiety |
| Rare | Depression, confusional state | |
| Nervous system disorders | Common | Headache, dizziness |
| Uncommon | Paraesthesia, somnolence | |
| Rare | Optic neuritis | |
| Eye disorders | Uncommon | Visual impairment |
| Rare | Toxic optic neuropathy | |
| Ear and labyrinth disorders | Uncommon | Hearing impaired, tinnitus, vertigo |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Uncommon | Asthma, bronhcospam, dyspnoea |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Common | Dyspepsia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, flatulence, constipation, melaena, haematemesis, gastrointestinal haemorrhage |
| Uncommon | Gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, mouth ulceration, gastrointestinal perforation | |
| Very rare | Pancreatitis | |
| Not known | Exacerbation of colitis and Crohn’s disease | |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Uncommon | Hepatitis, jaundice, hepatic function abnormal |
| Very rare | Hepatic failure | |
| Skin and Subcutaneous tissue disorders | Common | Rash |
| Uncommon | Urticaria, pruritus, purpura, angioedema, | |
| Very rare | Severe forms of skin reactions (e.g., Erythema multiforme, bullous reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis) | |
| Not known | Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome). Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). Photsensitivity reactions. | |
| Renal and Urinary disorders | Uncommon | Nephrotoxity in various forms e.g. Tubulointerstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and renal failure |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Common | Fatigue |
| Rare | Oedema | |
| Cardiac disorders | Very rare | Cardiac failure, myocardial infarction (also see section 4.4) |
Vascular disorders
Very rare
Hypertension
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the yellow card scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google play or Apple App Store.
4.9 Overdose
Toxicity
Signs and symptoms of toxicity have generally not been observed at doses below 100 mg/kg in children or adults.
However, supportive care may be needed in some cases. Children have been observed to manifest signs and symptoms of toxicity after ingestion of 400 mg/kg or greater.
Symptoms
Most patients who have ingested significant amounts of ibuprofen will manifest symptoms within 4 to 6 hours. The most frequently reported symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy and drowsiness. Central nervous system (CNS) effects include headache, tinnitus, dizziness, convulsion, and loss of consciousness. Nystagmus, metabolic acidosis, hypothermia, renal effects, gastrointestinal bleeding, coma, apnoea, diarrhoea and depression of the CNS and respiratory system have also been rarely reported. Disorientation, excitation, fainting and cardiovascular toxicity, including hypotension, bradycardia and tachycardia have been reported. In cases of significant overdose, renal failure and liver damage are possible. Large overdoses are generally well tolerated when no other drugs are being taken.
In serious poisoning metabolic acidosis may occur and the prothrombin time/INR may be prolonged, probably due to interference with the actions of circulating clotting factors.
Therapeutic measures
Patients should be treated symptomatically as required. Within one hour of ingestion of a potentially toxic amount, activated charcoal should be considered. Alternatively, in adults, gastric lavage should be considered within one hour of ingestion of a potentially life-threatening overdose.
Good urine output should be ensured.
Renal and liver function should be closely monitored.
Patients should be observed for at least four hours after ingestion of potentially toxic amounts.
Frequent or prolonged convulsions should be treated with intravenous diazepam. Other measures may be indicated by the patient's clinical condition.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic products, non-steroids, propionic acid derivatives.
ATC code: MO1AE01
Ibuprofen is a propionic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. The drug's therapeutic effects as an NSAID is thought to result from its inhibitory effect on the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which results in a marked reduction in prostaglandin synthesis.
Experimental data suggest that ibuprofen may competitively inhibit the effect of low dose aspirin on platelet aggregation when they are dosed concomitantly. Some pharmacodynamic studies show that when single doses of ibuprofen 400mg were taken within 8 hours before or within 30 minutes after immediate release aspirin dosing (81mg), a decreased effect of aspirin on the formation of thromboxane or platelet aggregation occurred. Although there are uncertainties regarding extrapolation of these data to the clinical situation, the possibility that regular, long-term use of ibuprofen may reduce the cardio-protective effect of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid cannot be excluded. No clinically relevant effect is considered to be likely for occasional ibuprofen use. (see section 4.5).
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Ibuprofen is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, peak serum concentrations occurring 1–2 hours after administration. The elimination half-life is approximately 2 hours.
Ibuprofen is metabolised in the liver to two inactive metabolites and these, together with unchanged ibuprofen, are excreted by the kidney either as such or as conjugates. Excretion by the kidney is both rapid and complete.
Ibuprofen is extensively bound to plasma proteins.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Not applicable
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS6.1 List of excipients
Pregelatinised starch
Maize starch
Colloidal anhydrous silica
Magnesium Stearate