Summary of medicine characteristics - FLEBOGAMMA DIF 100 MG / ML SOLUTION FOR INFUSION
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Flebogamma DIF 100 mg/ml solution for infusion
Human normal immunoglobulin (IVIg)
One ml contains:
Human normal immunoglobulin..............100 mg
(purity of at least 97% IgG)
Each vial of 50 ml contains: 5 g of human normal immunoglobulin Each vial of 100 ml contains: 10 g of human normal immunoglobulin
Each vial of 200 ml contains: 20 g of human normal immunoglobulin
Distribution of the IgG subclasses (approx. values):
IgG1 66.6%
IgG2 27.9%
IgG3 3.0%
IgG4 2.5%
The maximum IgA content is 100 micrograms/ml.
Produced from the plasma of human donors.
Excipient with known effect:
One ml contains 50 mg of D-sorbitol.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Solution for infusion.
The solution is clear or slightly opalescent and colourless or pale yellow.
Flebogamma DIF is isotonic, with an osmolality from 240 to 370 mOsm/kg.
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Replacement therapy in adults, children and adolescents (2 – 18 years) in:
– Primary immunodeficiency syndromes (PID) with impaired antibody production
– Secondary immunodeficiencies (SID) in patients who suffer from severe or recurrent infections, ineffective antimicrobial treatment and either proven specific antibody failure (PSAF)* or serum IgG level of <4 g/l
* PSAF= failure to mount at least a 2-fold rise in IgG antibody titre to pneumococcal polysaccharide and polypeptide antigen vaccines Immunomodulation in adults, children and adolescents (2 – 18 years) in: – Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), in patients at high risk of
bleeding or prior to surgery to correct the platelet count
– Guillain Barré syndrome
– Kawasaki disease (in conjunction with acetylsalicylic acid; see 4.2)
– Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)
– Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN)
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Replacement therapy should be initiated and monitored under the supervision of a physician experienced in the treatment of immunodeficiency.
Posology
The dose and dose regimen is dependent on the indication.
The dose may need to be individualised for each patient dependent on the clinical response. Dose based on bodyweight may require adjustment in underweight or overweight patients. The following dose regimens are given as a guideline.
Replacement therapy in primary immunodeficiency syndromes
The dose regimen should achieve a trough level of IgG (measured before the next infusion) of at least 6 g/l or within the normal reference range for the population age. Three to six months are required after the initiation of therapy for equilibration (steady-state IgG levels) to occur. The recommended starting dose is 0.4 – 0.8 g/kg given once followed by at least 0.2 g/kg given every three to four weeks.
The dose required to achieve a trough level of IgG of 6 g/l is of the order of 0.2 – 0.8 g/kg/month. The dose interval when steady state has been reached varies from 3 – 4 weeks.
IgG trough levels should be measured and assessed in conjunction with the incidence of infection. To reduce the rate of bacterial infections, it may be necessary to increase the dosage and aim for higher trough levels.
Secondary immunodeficiencies (as defined in 4.1)
The recommended dose is 0.2 – 0.4 g/kg every three to four weeks.
IgG trough levels should be measured and assessed in conjunction with the incidence of infection. Dose should be adjusted as necessary to achieve optimal protection against infections, an increase may be necessary in patients with persisting infection; a dose decrease can be considered when the patient remains infection free.
Primary immune thrombocytopenia
There are two alternative treatment schedules:
0.8 – 1 g/kg given on day one; this dose may be repeated once within
3 days.
0.4 g/kg given daily for two to five days.
The treatment can be repeated if relapse occurs.
Guillain Barré syndrome
0.4 g/kg/day over 5 days (possible repeat of dosing in case of relapse). Kawasaki disease
2.0 g/kg should be administered as a single dose. Patients should receive concomitant treatment with acetylsalicylic acid.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Starting dose: 2 g/kg divided over 2 – 5 consecutive days.
Maintenance doses: 1 g/kg over 1 – 2 consecutive days every 3 weeks.
The treatment effect should be evaluated after each cycle; if no treatment effect is seen after 6 months, the treatment should be discontinued.
If the treatment is effective long term treatment should be subject to the physicians discretion based upon the patient response and maintenance response. The dosing and intervals may have to be adapted according to the individual course of the disease.
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN)
Starting dose: 2 g/kg divided over 2 – 5 consecutive days.
Maintenance dose: 1 g/kg every 2 to 4 weeks or 2 g/kg every 4 to 8 weeks.
The treatment effect should be evaluated after each cycle; if no treatment effect is seen after 6 months, the treatment should be discontinued.
If the treatment is effective long term treatment should be subject to the physicians discretion based upon the patient response and maintenance response. The dosing and intervals may have to be adapted according to the individual course of the disease.
The dose recommendations are summarised in the following table:___________
| Indication | Dose | Frequency of injections |
| Replacement therapy: | ||
| Primary | Starting dose: |
| immunodeficiency syndromes | 0.4 – 0.8 g/kg Maintenance dose: 0.2 – 0.8 g/kg | every 3 – 4 weeks |
| Secondary immunodeficiencies (as defined in 4.1) | 0.2 – 0.4 g/kg | every 3 – 4 weeks |
| Immunomodulation: | ||
| Primary immune thrombocytopenia | 0.8 – 1 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg/d | on day 1, possibly repeated once within 3 days for 2 – 5 days |
| Guillain Barré syndrome | 0.4 g/kg/d | for 5 days |
| Kawasaki disease | 2 g/kg | in one dose in association with acetylsalicylic acid |
| Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropath y (CIDP) | Starting dose: 2 g/kg Maintenance dose: 1 g/kg | in divided doses over 2 – 5 days every 3 weeks over 1 – 2 days |
| Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) | Starting dose: 2 g/kg Maintenance dose: 1 g/kg or 2 g/kg | in divided doses over 2 – 5 consecutive days every 2 – 4 weeks every 4 – 8 weeks in divided doses over 2 – 5 days |
Paediatric population
Flebogamma DIF 100 mg/ml is contraindicated in children aged 0 to 2 years (see section 4.3).
The posology in children and adolescents (2 – 18 years) is not different to that of adults as the posology for each indication is given by body weight and adjusted to the clinical outcome of the above mentioned conditions.
Hepatic impairment
No evidence is available to require a dose adjustment.
Renal impairment
No dose adjustment unless clinically warranted, see section 4.4.
Elderly
No dose adjustment unless clinically warranted, see section 4.4.
Method of administration
For intravenous use.
Flebogamma DIF 100 mg/ml should be infused intravenously at an initial rate of 0.01 ml/kg/min for the first thirty minutes. See section 4.4. In case of adverse reaction, either the rate of administration must be reduced or the infusion stopped. If well tolerated, advance to 0.02 ml/kg/min for the second 30 minutes. Again, if tolerated, advance to 0.04 ml/kg/min for the third 30 minutes. If the patient tolerates the infusion well, additional increments of 0.02 ml/kg/min may be made at 30-minute intervals up to a maximum of 0.08 ml/kg/min.
It has been reported that the frequency of adverse reactions to IVIg increases with the infusion rate. Infusion rates during the initial infusions should be slow. If there are no adverse reactions, the infusion rate for subsequent infusions can be slowly increased to the maximum rate. For patients experiencing adverse reactions, it is advisable to reduce the infusion rate in subsequent infusions and limit the maximum rate to 0.04 ml/kg/min or administer IVIg at a 5% concentration (see section 4.4).
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance (human immunoglobulins) or to any of the excipients (see sections 4.4 and 6.1).
Fructose intolerance (see section 4.4).
In babies and young children (aged 0 – 2 years) hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) may not yet be diagnosed and may be fatal, thus, they must not receive this medicinal product.
Patients with selective IgA deficiency who developed antibodies to IgA, as administering an IgA-containing product can result in anaphylaxis.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Sorbitol
Each ml of this medicinal product contains 50 mg of sorbitol. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance must not take this medicine.
In persons more than 2 years old with HFI, a spontaneous aversion for fructose-containing foods develops and may be combined with the onset of symptoms (vomiting, gastro-intestinal disorders, apathy, height and weight retardation). Therefore a detailed history with regard to HFI
symptoms has to be taken of each patient prior to receiving Flebogamma DIF.
In case of inadvertent administration and suspicion of fructose intolerance the infusion has to be stopped immediately, normal glycaemia has to be re-established and organ function has to be stabilized by means of intensive care.
Interferences with determination of blood glucose levels are not expected. Traceability
In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.
Precautions for use
Potential complications can often be avoided by ensuring that patients:
– are not sensitive to human normal immunoglobulin by initially injecting the product slowly (at an initial rate of 0.01 ml/kg/min)
– are carefully monitored for any symptoms throughout the infusion period. In particular, patients naive to human normal immunoglobulin, patients switched from an alternative IVIg product or when there has been a long interval since the previous infusion should be monitored at the hospital during the first infusion and for the first hour after the first infusion, in order to detect potential adverse signs. All other patients should be observed for at least 20 minutes after administration
In all patients, IVIg administration requires:
– adequate hydration prior to the initiation of the infusion of IVIg
– monitoring of urine output
– monitoring of serum creatinine levels
– avoidance of concomitant use of loop diuretics (see 4.5)
In case of adverse reaction, either the rate of administration must be reduced or the infusion stopped.
The treatment required depends on the nature and severity of the adverse reaction.
Infusion reaction
Certain adverse reactions (e.g. headache, flushing, chills, myalgia, wheezing, tachycardia, lower back pain, nausea, and hypotension) may be related to the rate of infusion. The recommended infusion rate given under section 4.2 must be closely followed. Patients must be closely monitored and carefully observed for any symptoms throughout the infusion period.
Adverse reactions may occur more frequently
– in patients who receive human normal immunoglobulin for the first time or, in rare cases, when the human normal immunoglobulin product is switched or when there has been a long interval since the previous infusion
– in patients with an untreated infection or underlying chronic inflammation
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity reactions are rare.
Anaphylaxis can develop in patients
– with undetectable IgA who have anti-IgA antibodies
– who had tolerated previous treatment with human normal immunoglobulin
In case of shock, standard medical treatment for shock should be implemented. Thromboembolism
There is clinical evidence of an association between IVIg administration and thromboembolic events such as myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular accident (including stroke), pulmonary embolism and deep vein thromboses which is assumed to be related to a relative increase in blood viscosity through the high influx of immunoglobulin in at-risk patients. Caution should be exercised in prescribing and infusing IVIg in obese patients and in patients with pre-existing risk factors for thrombotic events (such as advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and a history of vascular disease or thrombotic episodes, patients with acquired or inherited thrombophilic disorders, patients with prolonged periods of immobilisation, severely hypovolaemic patients, and patients with diseases which increase blood viscosity).
In patients at risk for thromboembolic adverse reactions, IVIg products should be administered at the minimum rate of infusion and dose practicable.
Acute renal failure
Cases of acute renal failure have been reported in patients receiving IVIg therapy. In most cases, risk factors have been identified, such as pre-existing renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, hypovolaemia, overweight, concomitant nephrotoxic medicinal products or age over 65.
Renal parameters should be assessed prior to infusion of IVIg, particularly in patients judged to have a potential increased risk for developing acute renal failure, and again at appropriate intervals. In patients at risk for acute renal failure, IVIg products should be administered at the minimum rate of infusion and dose practicable. In case of renal impairment, IVIg discontinuation should be considered.
While reports of renal dysfunction and acute renal failure have been associated with the use of many of the licensed IVIg products containing various excipients such as sucrose, glucose and maltose, those containing sucrose as a stabiliser accounted for a disproportionate share of the total number. In patients at risk, the use of IVIg products that do not contain these excipients may be considered. Flebogamma DIF does not contain sucrose, maltose or glucose.
Aseptic meningitis syndrome (AMS)
Aseptic meningitis syndrome has been reported to occur in association with IVIg treatment. The syndrome usually begins within several hours to 2 days following IVIg treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid studies are frequently positive with pleocytosis up to several thousand cells per mm3, predominantly from the granulocytic series, and elevated protein levels up to several hundred mg/dl. AMS may occur more frequently in association with high-dose (2 g/kg) IVIg treatment.
Patients exhibiting such signs and symptoms should receive a thorough neurological examination, including CSF studies, to rule out other causes of meningitis.
Discontinuation of IVIg treatment has resulted in remission of AMS within several days without sequelae.
Haemolytic anaemia
IVIg products can contain blood group antibodies which may act as haemolysins and induce in vivo coating of red blood cells with immunoglobulin, causing a positive direct antiglobulin reaction (Coomb’s test) and, rarely, haemolysis. Haemolytic anaemia can develop subsequent to IVIg therapy due to enhanced red blood cells (RBC) sequestration. IVIg recipients should be monitored for clinical signs and symptoms of haemolysis. (See section 4.8)
Neutropenia/Leukopenia
A transient decrease in neutrophil count and/or episodes of neutropenia, sometimes severe, have been reported after treatment with IVIgs. This typically occurs within hours or days after IVIg administration and resolves spontaneously within 7 to 14 days.
Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
In patients receiving IVIg, there have been some reports of acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema [Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)]. TRALI is characterised by severe hypoxia, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, cyanosis, fever and hypotension. Symptoms of TRALI typically develop during or within 6 hours of a transfusion, often within 1 – 2 hours. Therefore, IVIg recipients must be monitored for and IVIg infusion must be immediately stopped in case of pulmonary adverse reactions. TRALI is a potentially lifethreatening condition requiring immediate intensive-care-unit management. Interference with serological testing
After the administration of immunoglobulin the transitory rise of the various passively transferred antibodies in the patient’s blood may result in misleading positive results in serological testing.
Passive transmission of antibodies to erythrocyte antigens, e.g. A, B, D, may interfere with some serological tests for red cell antibodies for example the direct antiglobulin test (DAT, direct Coomb’s test).
Transmissible agents
Standard measures to prevent infections resulting from the use of medicinal products prepared from human blood or plasma include selection of donors, screening of individual donations and plasma pools for specific markers of infection and the inclusion of effective manufacturing steps for the inactivation/removal of viruses. Despite this, when medicinal products prepared from human blood or plasma are administered, the possibility of transmitting infective agents cannot be totally excluded. This also applies to unknown or emerging viruses and other pathogens.
The measures taken are considered effective for enveloped viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and for the non-enveloped hepatitis A and parvovirus B19 viruses.
There is reassuring clinical experience regarding the lack of hepatitis A or parvovirus B19 transmission with immunoglobulins and it is also assumed that the antibody content makes an important contribution to viral safety.
It is strongly recommended that every time that Flebogamma DIF is administered to a patient, the name and batch number of the product are recorded in order to maintain a link between the patient and the batch of the product.
Sodium content
This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per vial, that is to say essentially “sodium free”. However, depending on the required dose, the patient may receive more than 1 vial.
Post-authorisation Safety Study
A Post-Authorisation Safety Study suggested a higher rate of infusions associated with potentially related adverse events for Flebogamma DIF 100 mg/ml compared to Flebogamma DIF 50 mg/ml (see section 5.1).
Paediatric population
It is recommended to monitor vital signs when administering Flebogamma DIF to paediatric patients.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Live attenuated virus vaccines
Immunoglobulin administration may impair for a period of at least 6 weeks and up to 3 months the efficacy of live attenuated virus vaccines such as measles, rubella, mumps and varicella. After administration of this product, an interval of 3 months should elapse before vaccination with live attenuated virus vaccines. In the case of measles, this impairment may persist for up to 1 year. Therefore patients receiving measles vaccine should have their antibody status checked.
Loop diuretics
Avoidance of concomitant use of loop diuretics
Paediatric population
It is expected that the same interactions than those mentioned for the adults may be presented by the paediatric population.
4.6 Fertility, Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
The safety of this medicinal product for use in human pregnancy has not been established in controlled clinical trials and therefore should only be given with caution to pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers. IVIg products have been shown to cross the placenta, increasingly during the third trimester. Clinical experience with immunoglobulins suggests that no harmful effects on the course of pregnancy, or on the foetus and the neonate are to be expected.
Breast-feeding
Immunoglobulins are excreted into human milk. No negative effects on the breastfed newborns/infants are anticipated.
Fertility
Clinical experience with immunoglobulins suggests that no harmful effects on fertility are to be expected.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
The ability to drive and operate machines may be impaired by some adverse reactions, such as dizziness, associated with Flebogamma DIF. Patients who experience adverse reactions during treatment should wait for these to resolve before driving or operating machines.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of the safety profile
Adverse reactions caused by human normal immunoglobulins (in decreasing frequency) encompass (see also section 4.4):
chills, headache, dizziness, fever, vomiting, allergic reactions, nausea, arthralgia, low blood pressure and moderate low back pain
reversible haemolytic reactions; especially in those patients with blood groups A, B, and AB and (rarely) haemolytic anaemia requiring transfusion
(rarely) a sudden fall in blood pressure and, in isolated cases, anaphylactic shock, even when the patient has shown no hypersensitivity to previous administration
(rarely) transient cutaneous reactions (including cutaneous lupus erythematosus – frequency unknown)
(very rarely) thromboembolic reactions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thromboses
cases of reversible aseptic meningitis
cases of increased serum creatinine level and/or occurrence of acute renal failure
cases of Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
For safety information with respect to transmissible agents, see section 4.4.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
Increase in the frequency of adverse reactions through the clinical trials likely related to the increased infusion rate has been observed (see section 4.2).
The table presented below is according to the MedDRA system organ classification (SOC and Preferred Term Level).
Frequencies have been evaluated according to the following convention:
– very common (>1/10)
– common (>1/100 to <1/10)
– uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100)
– rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000)
– very rare (<1/10,000)
– not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)
Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
Source of the safety database from clinical trials and post-authorisation safety studies in a total of 160 patients exposed to Flebogamma DIF 100
| mg/ml (with a tota | of 915 infusions) | ||
| MedDRA System Organ Class (SOC) | Adverse reaction | Frequency per patient | Frequency per infusion |
| Infections and infestations | Influenza, Meningitis aseptic, Urinary tract infection | Uncommon | Uncommon |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Bicytopenia, Leukopenia | Uncommon | Uncommon |
| Immune system disorders | Hypersensitivity | Common | Uncommon |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Decreased appetite | Uncommon | Uncommon |
| Psychiatric disorders | Insomnia, Restlessness | Uncommon | Uncommon |
| Nervous system disorders | Headache | Very common | Very common |
| Dizziness, Tremor | Common | Uncommon | |
| Radiculopathy, Syncope | Uncommon | ||
| Eye disorders | Photophobia | Common | Uncommon |
| Conjunctivitis, Maculopathy, Vision blurred | Uncommon | ||
| Ear and labyrinth disorders | Vertigo | Common | Uncommon |
| Ear pain | Uncommon | ||
| Cardiac disorders | Tachycardia | Common | Common |
| Cyanosis | Uncommon | Uncommon | |
| Vascular disorders | Hypotension | Common | Common |
| Diastolic hypertension, Hypertension | Uncommon | ||
| Flushing, Haematoma, Lymphoedema, Systolic hypertension, Thrombosis | Uncommon | ||
| Respiratory, thoracic and | Wheezing | Common | Uncommon |
| Epistaxis, Nasal | Uncommon | ||
| MedDRA System Organ Class (SOC) | Adverse reaction | Frequency per patient | Frequency per infusion |
| mediastinal disorders | congestion, Upper-airway cough syndrome, Sinus pain, Dyspnoea | ||
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea | Very common | Common |
| Vomiting | Common | ||
| Abdominal pain, Abdominal pain upper, Diarrhoea, Flatulence | Uncommon | ||
| Abdominal discomfort, Abdominal distension, Dry mouth, Haematemesis | Uncommon | ||
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Pruritus, Rash | Common | Uncommon |
| Acne, Alopecia, Ecchymosis, Erythema, Hyperhidrosis, Palmar erythema, Purpura | Uncommon | ||
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Back pain, Myalgia | Common | Common |
| Limb discomfort, Muscle spasms, Muscle tightness, Neck pain, Pain in extremity | Uncommon | ||
| Arthralgia, Musculoskeletal discomfort | Uncommon | ||
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Pyrexia, Rigors | Very common | Common |
| Chills | Common | ||
| Chest discomfort, Chest pain, Fatigue, Feeling cold, Infusion site reaction, Malaise, Oedema peripheral, Pain | Uncommon | ||
| F eeling jittery, Influenza like illness, Infusion site erythema, Infusion site pain, General physical health deterioration | Uncommon | ||
| Investigations | Body temperature increased | Common | Common |
| Blood pressure diastolic decreased, Blood pressure increased, Blood pressure systolic increased, Heart rate increased | Uncommon | ||
| Blood pressure systolic decreased, Haemoglobin decreased, Heart rate | Uncommon |
| MedDRA System Organ Class (SOC) | Adverse reaction | Frequency per patient | Frequency per infusion |
| decreased, Reticulocyte count increased | |||
| Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | Contusion | Common | Uncommon |
| Infusion related reaction | Uncommon |
Description of selected adverse reactions
The most reported post-marketing ADRs received since the product was authorised for both concentrations were chest pain, flushing, blood pressure increased and decreased, malaise, dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, pyrexia, back pain, headache and chills.
Paediatric population
The safety results for 4 paediatric patients (those < 17 years old) included in the PID study and the results for the 13 children (aged 3 to 16 years old) included in the ITP study were evaluated. It was observed that the proportion of headache, chills, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, heart rate increase and back pain in children was higher than in adults. Cyanosis was reported in one child but not in adults. Assessment of vital signs in clinical trials of the paediatric population did not indicate any pattern of clinically relevant changes.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme, Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store
4.9 Overdose
4.9 OverdoseOverdose may lead to fluid overload and hyperviscosity, particularly in patients at risk, including elderly patients or patients with cardiac or renal impairment (see section 4.4).
Paediatric population
Information on overdose in children has not been established with
Flebogamma DIF. However, as in adult population, overdose may lead to fluid overload and hyperviscosity as with any other intravenous immunoglobulins.
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: immune sera and immunoglobulins: immunoglobulins, normal human, for intravascular administration, ATC code: J06BA02.
Human normal immunoglobulin contains mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG) with a broad spectrum of antibodies against infectious agents.
Human normal immunoglobulin contains the IgG antibodies present in the normal population. It is usually prepared from pooled plasma from not fewer than 1000 donors. It has a distribution of immunoglobulin G subclasses closely proportional to that in native human plasma.
Adequate doses of this medicinal product may restore abnormally low immunoglobulin G levels to the normal range.
The mechanism of action in indications other than replacement therapy is not fully elucidated, but includes immunomodulatory effects.
Three clinical trials were performed with Flebogamma DIF, one for replacement therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency (in both adults and in children above 6 years) and two for immunomodulation, in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (one in adult patients and another in both adults and in children between 3 and 16 years).
In a Post-authorisation Safety Study that included 66 patients, Flebogamma DIF 100 mg/ml showed a higher rate (18.46%, n=24/130) of infusions associated with potentially related adverse events than Flebogamma DIF 50 mg/ml (2.22%, n=3/135). However one subject treated with Flebogamma DIF 100 mg/ml presented mild episodes of headache in all infusions and one more patient had 2 episodes of pyrexia in 2 infusions. It is worth considering that these 2 subjects contributed to the higher frequency of infusions with reactions in this group. There were no other subjects with more than 1 infusion with adverse reactions in both groups.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Human normal immunoglobulin is immediately and completely bioavailable in the recipient’s circulation after intravenous administration. It is distributed relatively rapidly between plasma and extravascular fluid, after approximately 3 – 5 days equilibrium is reached between the intra- and extravascular compartments.
Flebogamma DIF 100 mg/ml has a half-life of about 34 – 37 days. This half-life may vary from patient to patient, in particular in primary immunodeficiency.
IgG and IgG-complexes are broken down in cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
Paediatric population
No differences of the pharmacokinetic properties are expected in the paediatric population.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
5.3 Preclinical safety dataSingle dose toxicity studies were carried out in rats and mice. The absence of mortality in the non-clinical studies performed with Flebogamma DIF with doses up to 2500 mg/kg, and the lack of any confirmed relevant adverse sign affecting respiratory, circulatory and central nervous system of the treated animals support the safety of Flebogamma DIF.
Repeated dose toxicity testing and embryo-foetal toxicity studies are impracticable due to induction of, and interference with antibodies. Effects of the product on the immune system of the newborn have not been studied.
6.1 List of excipients
D-sorbitol
Water for injections
6.2 Incompatibilities
In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products, nor with any other IVIg products.
6.3
Shelf life
2 years.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 30 °C.
Do not freeze.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
50 ml, 100 ml or 200 ml solution in a vial (type II glass) with stopper (chloro-butyl-rubber).
Pack size: 1 vial
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
6.6 Special precautions for disposalThe product should be brought to room or body temperature before use.
The solution should be clear or slightly opalescent and colourless or pale yellow.
Solutions that are cloudy or have deposits should not be used.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.